An atlas of glass architecture

The world built cathedrals for its plants.

Verrière catalogues the greenhouses that shaped the history of botany and glass engineering, from the Victorian Crystal Palace to the cloud forests of Singapore.

346Greenhouses catalogued
65Countries
6Continents
×1

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The collection

346 greenhouses
Europe (188)
Burgers' Bush, Burgers' Zoo, Arnhem
1988

Burgers' Bush

🇳🇱 Burgers' Zoo, Arnhem
The first fully enclosed rainforest at this scale, since imitated by zoos around the world.
NetherlandsView entry →
Burggarten Palmenhaus, Vienna
1902–1906

Burggarten Palmenhaus

🇦🇹 Vienna
An art nouveau glasshouse built for the imperial court, now divided between a restaurant, a butterfly house and a public glasshouse.
AustriaView entry →
Central Siberian Botanical Garden Glasshouses, Novosibirsk (Akademgorodok)
1972

Central Siberian Botanical Garden Glasshouses

🇷🇺 Novosibirsk (Akademgorodok)
More than 7,000 species, forms and varieties of tropical and subtropical plants grow in glasshouses built when the garden moved to Akademgorodok.
RussiaView entry →
Chatsworth Display Greenhouse, Bakewell (Derbyshire)
1970

Chatsworth Display Greenhouse

🇬🇧 Bakewell (Derbyshire)
It holds direct descendants of the bananas and giant water lily that Joseph Paxton grew here in the nineteenth century.
United KingdomView entry →
Chișinău National Botanical Garden Glasshouses, Chișinău
1951

Chișinău National Botanical Garden Glasshouses

🇲🇩 Chișinău
The tropical glasshouses of Moldova's national botanical garden, in the heart of Chișinău.
MoldovaView entry →
1970s · domed orangery 1984

Great Orangery, Fomin Botanical Garden

🇺🇦 Kyiv
A 30-metre orangery, presented when built as the tallest in Europe, around Ukraine's oldest palm.
UkraineView entry →
Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden Glasshouses, Cluj-Napoca
1960

Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden Glasshouses

🇷🇴 Cluj-Napoca
A Canary Island date palm more than 145 years old grows in the palm house, beside an oil palm.
RomaniaView entry →
Comenius University Botanical Garden Tropical House, Bratislava

Comenius University Botanical Garden Tropical House

🇸🇰 Bratislava
On the banks of the Danube, seven hectares of garden hold a glasshouse where palms, cacti and orchids grow side by side.
SlovakiaView entry →
Curvilinear Range & Great Palm House, Glasnevin, Dublin
1843–1869 · Palm House 1883

Curvilinear Range & Great Palm House

🇮🇪 Glasnevin, Dublin
The dome of the same Richard Turner who designed Kew's Palm House.
IrelandView entry →
Eden Project, Bodelva, Cornwall
2001

Eden Project

🇬🇧 Bodelva, Cornwall
A dead clay pit reborn as a rainforest under bubbles.
United KingdomView entry →
Edenya, Pairi Daiza, Brugelette
2026

Edenya

🇧🇪 Pairi Daiza, Brugelette
Opened in 2026, the world's largest tropical greenhouse houses hippopotamuses, jaguars and manatees under glass.
BelgiumView entry →
Edvard Anderssons växthus, Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm
1995

Edvard Anderssons växthus

🇸🇪 Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm
Glass walls that seem to float above five Mediterranean climates.
SwedenView entry →
Estufa Fria, Lisbon
1933

Estufa Fria

🇵🇹 Lisbon
A greenhouse without a single pane of glass, built inside an abandoned quarry.
PortugalView entry →
Giardino della Biodiversità, Padua
2014

Giardino della Biodiversità

🇮🇹 Padua
Five biomes under glass, in the world's oldest university botanical garden.
ItalyView entry →
Gliwice Municipal Palm House, Gliwice
1880

Gliwice Municipal Palm House

🇵🇱 Gliwice
Three Canary Island date palms planted for the 1924 exhibition still grow under the same roof, through two complete rebuilds.
PolandView entry →
Gondwanaland, Leipzig Zoo
2011

Gondwanaland

🇩🇪 Leipzig Zoo
Europe's largest tropical hall, where you cross the jungle by canoe in the heart of Saxony.
GermanyView entry →
Palm House, Peter the Great Botanical Garden, Saint Petersburg
1896–1898

Palm House, Peter the Great Botanical Garden

🇷🇺 Saint Petersburg
Bombed during the Siege of Leningrad, the glasshouse saved only about a thousand plants; its collections now exceed 12,000 taxa.
RussiaView entry →
Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes, Paris
1833–1836

Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes

🇫🇷 Paris
The secret backdrop for the imagined jungles painted by Henri Rousseau, the 'Douanier'.
FranceView entry →
Great Glasshouse, National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne
2000

Great Glasshouse

🇬🇧 National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne
Set on the Welsh hillside like a giant raindrop, this dome brings together six Mediterranean-climate regions of the world.
United KingdomView entry →
Great Glasshouse, Coimbra Botanical Garden, Coimbra
1859–1866

Great Glasshouse, Coimbra Botanical Garden

🇵🇹 Coimbra
One of the earliest examples of iron architecture in Portugal, restored and reopened after decades of partial closure.
PortugalView entry →
Great Glasshouses of the Parc de la Tête d'Or, Lyon
1877–1880

Great Glasshouses of the Parc de la Tête d'Or

🇫🇷 Lyon
Nicknamed the 'cathedral of glass and steel', they hold a cycad planted at the 1883 opening — the botanical garden's oldest resident.
FranceView entry →
Großes Tropenhaus, Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden
1905–1907

Großes Tropenhaus

🇩🇪 Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden
A permanent equatorial microclimate since 1907.
GermanyView entry →
Hivernacle del Parc de la Ciutadella, Barcelona
1888

Hivernacle del Parc de la Ciutadella

🇪🇸 Barcelona
A cathedral of cast iron and glass born for the 1888 Universal Exposition, brought back to life in 2023.
SpainView entry →
Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil, Paris
1895–1898

Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil

🇫🇷 Paris
The City of Paris's greenhouse garden, where plants for municipal buildings were once produced.
FranceView entry →
Karlsaue Orangery, Kassel
1701–1739

Karlsaue Orangery

🇩🇪 Kassel
A princely orangery that served as both a summer residence and a citrus house.
GermanyView entry →
Kibble Palace, Glasgow
1873

Kibble Palace

🇬🇧 Glasgow
A travelling Victorian glasshouse: built on the shores of Loch Long, it was dismantled and shipped by barge to Glasgow's botanic gardens.
United KingdomView entry →
Masoala-Halle, Zurich
2001–2003

Masoala-Halle

🇨🇭 Zurich
An entire Madagascan rainforest under a single arched roof.
SwitzerlandView entry →
Old Orangery, Łazienki Park, Warsaw
1785–1788

Old Orangery, Łazienki Park

🇵🇱 Warsaw
The east wing of this neoclassical orangery still houses the court theatre built for Stanisław II August, opened on 6 September 1788.
PolandView entry →
Orangery of the Palace of Versailles, Versailles
1684–1686

Orangery of the Palace of Versailles

🇫🇷 Versailles
Designed by Hardouin-Mansart to shelter more than a thousand of Louis XIV's orange trees in winter.
FranceView entry →
Oranžerija du Jardin botanique de Kaunas, Kaunas
1923–1925

Oranžerija du Jardin botanique de Kaunas

🇱🇹 Kaunas
The president of the young Republic of Lithuania personally laid the cornerstone of this orangery, which went on to become the country's largest greenhouse.
LithuaniaView entry →
Palacio de Cristal, Retiro Park, Madrid
1887

Palacio de Cristal

🇪🇸 Retiro Park, Madrid
A colonial-era greenhouse turned cathedral of contemporary art.
SpainView entry →
Palm House, Kew, London
1844–1848

Palm House

🇬🇧 Kew, London
The technical cradle of every great glasshouse that followed.
United KingdomView entry →
Palm House, Botanic Gardens, Belfast
1839–1852

Palm House

🇬🇧 Botanic Gardens, Belfast
One of the oldest surviving examples of a curvilinear cast-iron glasshouse, whitewashed every summer to protect the plants.
United KingdomView entry →
Palmehuset, Tøyen Botanical Garden, Oslo
1868

Palmehuset

🇳🇴 Tøyen Botanical Garden, Oslo
Oslo's oldest palm tree grew here for nearly two centuries.
NorwayView entry →
Palmehuset, University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
1872–1874

Palmehuset

🇩🇰 University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
Inspired by the Crystal Palace, this glass palace houses a cycad planted as early as 1824.
DenmarkView entry →
Palmengarten, Frankfurt am Main
1869–1871

Palmengarten

🇩🇪 Frankfurt am Main
Born when Frankfurt citizens bought the Duke of Nassau's winter-garden collection.
GermanyView entry →
Palmenhaus Schönbrunn, Vienna
1881–1882

Palmenhaus Schönbrunn

🇦🇹 Vienna
45,000 panes of glass for three climates under a single roof.
AustriaView entry →
Palmenkas (Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam), Amsterdam
1911–1912

Palmenkas (Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam)

🇳🇱 Amsterdam
A rare Amsterdam School glasshouse, built to keep a brilliant botanist from leaving.
NetherlandsView entry →
Palmiarnia Poznańska, Poznań
1910–1911 · rebuilt 1992

Palmiarnia Poznańska

🇵🇱 Poznań
60% destroyed by World War II bombing, Poland's largest greenhouse was rebuilt without ever losing its living collections.
PolandView entry →
Palmiarnia w Wałbrzychu, Wałbrzych
1913

Palmiarnia w Wałbrzychu

🇵🇱 Wałbrzych
A princely 1911-1913 greenhouse lined with volcanic tuff from Etna, at the foot of Książ Castle.
PolandView entry →
Palm House (Palmimaja), Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn
1999 · renovated 2021

Palm House (Palmimaja), Tallinn Botanic Garden

🇪🇪 Tallinn
Designed by two figures of Estonian postmodern architecture, this glass tower was once a nominee for best concrete-and-glass building of the year.
EstoniaView entry →
1972 · renovated 2025

Palmu māja, University of Latvia Botanical Garden

🇱🇻 Riga
A palm tree given in 1939 by national composer Jāzeps Vītols still grows beneath the renovated glasshouse of the largest tropical complex in the Baltic states.
LatviaView entry →
Palmusali (Kaisaniemen kasvitieteellinen puutarha), Kaisaniemi Botanical Garden, Helsinki
1889

Palmusali (Kaisaniemen kasvitieteellinen puutarha)

🇫🇮 Kaisaniemi Botanical Garden, Helsinki
The glass palace was reborn from seeds frozen through the bombing raids.
FinlandView entry →
Pálmaház du Füvészkert de Budapest, Budapest
1865

Pálmaház du Füvészkert de Budapest

🇭🇺 Budapest
The university botanical garden's 1865 palm house, immortalised in The Paul Street Boys.
HungaryView entry →
Pálmaház du zoo de Budapest, Budapest
1909–1912

Pálmaház du zoo de Budapest

🇭🇺 Budapest
Originally designed for a separate urban project on Gellért Hill, the greenhouse ended up housing Budapest Zoo's miniature jungle.
HungaryView entry →
Randers Regnskov (Tropical Zoo), Randers
1996

Randers Regnskov (Tropical Zoo)

🇩🇰 Randers
A zoo built entirely under glass domes, devoted to the tropical forests of Asia, Africa and America
DenmarkView entry →
1955

Rastlinjak, Ljubljana Botanical Garden

🇸🇮 Ljubljana
The first greenhouse at the Ljubljana Botanical Garden, born in 1955 out of postwar reconstruction.
SloveniaView entry →
Regenwaldhaus, Tiergarten Schönbrunn (Vienna Zoo)
2002

Regenwaldhaus

🇦🇹 Tiergarten Schönbrunn (Vienna Zoo)
An Asian rainforest slope recreated under glass, at the heart of the world's oldest zoo.
AustriaView entry →
Regenwaldhaus, Krefeld Zoo, Krefeld
1998

Regenwaldhaus

🇩🇪 Krefeld Zoo, Krefeld
At Krefeld Zoo, a barrier-free tropical greenhouse where animals roam freely
GermanyView entry →
Sefton Park Palm House, Sefton Park, Liverpool
1896

Sefton Park Palm House

🇬🇧 Sefton Park, Liverpool
Funded by a local benefactor, this Victorian glasshouse lost all its glass in 1941, but its frame held.
United KingdomView entry →
1889–1891

Sera Veche, Bucharest Botanical Garden

🇷🇴 Bucharest
Modeled on the glasshouses of Liège, which were destroyed in 1944 and no longer exist, Bucharest's Sera Veche has become their sole surviving example anywhere in the world.
RomaniaView entry →
1823

Serra Carolina (Giardino d'Inverno)

🇮🇹 Palermo
A gift from Queen Maria Carolina in 1823, this winter garden shelters coffee trees and papaya trees beneath the Sicilian sky.
ItalyView entry →
Serre Fata Morgana, Prague Botanical Garden, Troja
2004

Serre Fata Morgana

🇨🇿 Prague Botanical Garden, Troja
Three climates and a 6-meter waterfall along a single path.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Palm Greenhouse, Aptekarsky Ogorod, Moscow
1891

Palm Greenhouse, Aptekarsky Ogorod

🇷🇺 Moscow
Russia's oldest botanical garden shelters, beneath its glasshouse, a cycad over two centuries old, brought back around 1807.
RussiaView entry →
Serres Royales de Laeken, Brussels
1874–1905

Serres Royales de Laeken

🇧🇪 Brussels
Open to the public for only a few weeks each year, in spring.
BelgiumView entry →
Serres tropicales du Jardin botanique de Liberec, Liberec
1996–2000

Serres tropicales du Jardin botanique de Liberec

🇨🇿 Liberec
The Czech Republic's oldest botanical garden (1895) gained, a century later, the country's most singular greenhouse complex, its footprint mimicking a cluster of crystals.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Sheffield Winter Garden, Sheffield
2002

Sheffield Winter Garden

🇬🇧 Sheffield
One of the largest temperate glasshouses built in the UK in a century, framed entirely in glue-laminated larch.
United KingdomView entry →
Staklenik du Jardin botanique Jevremovac, Belgrade
1892

Staklenik du Jardin botanique Jevremovac

🇷🇸 Belgrade
On an estate given by King Milan Obrenović, the Jevremovac greenhouse has stood in the heart of Belgrade since 1892.
SerbiaView entry →
Staklenik, Zagreb Botanical Garden, Zagreb
1891

Staklenik, Zagreb Botanical Garden

🇭🇷 Zagreb
Zagreb's greenhouse began as a marine aquarium before becoming, a century later, a jungle of palms in the heart of the city.
CroatiaView entry →
Temperate House, Kew, London
1860–1899

Temperate House

🇬🇧 Kew, London
The largest surviving Victorian glasshouse in the world.
United KingdomView entry →
Victoriahuset, Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm
1899–1900

Victoriahuset

🇸🇪 Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm
A cast-iron dome built for a single royal flower.
SwedenView entry →
Victoriakas (Hortus Botanicus Leiden), Leiden
1870 · current house 1936–1938

Victoriakas (Hortus Botanicus Leiden)

🇳🇱 Leiden
Beneath a cast-iron crown, giant water lilies have reigned since 1870.
NetherlandsView entry →
Wilhelma Amazon House, Stuttgart
1999

Wilhelma Amazon House

🇩🇪 Stuttgart
A forest path runs through a recreated Amazon rainforest where some twenty bird species fly free.
GermanyView entry →
Wintertuin (Jardin d'hiver), Antwerp Zoo
1897

Wintertuin (Jardin d'hiver)

🇧🇪 Antwerp Zoo
The winter garden of one of the world's oldest zoos, where tropical butterflies sometimes flutter beneath a 19th-century glass roof.
BelgiumView entry →
Yerevan Botanical Garden Glasshouses, Yerevan
1939 · main greenhouse 1979

Yerevan Botanical Garden Glasshouses

🇦🇲 Yerevan
Hundreds of tropical and subtropical species under glass, including avocado trees and orchids from Japan, China and Mexico.
ArmeniaView entry →
Zielona Góra Palm House, Zielona Góra
1961

Zielona Góra Palm House

🇵🇱 Zielona Góra
Built over nineteenth-century wine cellars, it holds a Canary Island date palm counted among the tallest grown under glass in Europe.
PolandView entry →
Łódź Palm House, Łódź
1956

Łódź Palm House

🇵🇱 Łódź
Nearly 4,500 specimens across more than 1,100 taxa grow in the historic Źródliska park, in central Łódź.
PolandView entry →
Greenhouse Complex, Central Botanical Garden of Belarus, Minsk
2007

Greenhouse Complex, Central Botanical Garden of Belarus

🇧🇾 Minsk
A glass octagon where rainforest, African succulents and citrus trees have coexisted since 2007.
BelarusView entry →
Оранжерея Ботанічного саду Львівського університету, Lviv
1974

Оранжерея Ботанічного саду Львівського університету

🇺🇦 Lviv
Beneath a 24-metre glass roof, a century-old Canary Island date palm and bunya pine have come through the winters of war.
UkraineView entry →
Оранжерея Московского зоопарка, Moscow
2012

Оранжерея Московского зоопарка

🇷🇺 Moscow
A glass rotunda at the heart of Moscow Zoo, devoted to the tallest tropical trees, built in 2012.
RussiaView entry →
Plantenpaleis (Plant Palace) of Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Flemish Brabant
1947-1958

Plantenpaleis (Plant Palace) of Meise Botanic Garden

🇧🇪 Meise, Flemish Brabant
A complex of thirteen large glasshouses, inaugurated in 1958, whose twenty-year renovation ended in spring 2023.
BelgiumView entry →
Balat Greenhouse (Balatkas or Kroonserre) of Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Flemish Brabant
1854

Balat Greenhouse (Balatkas or Kroonserre) of Meise Botanic Garden

🇧🇪 Meise, Flemish Brabant
Designed in 1854 by Alphonse Balat for giant water lilies, this octagonal glasshouse was moved twice before reaching Meise.
BelgiumView entry →
Greenhouses of the Liège Botanical Garden, Liège, Wallonia
1841-1883

Greenhouses of the Liège Botanical Garden

🇧🇪 Liège, Wallonia
Victorian-style glasshouses whose two 17-metre rotundas were destroyed by a flying bomb on 24 December 1944.
BelgiumView entry →
Glasshouses of the Ghent University Botanical Garden (Plantentuin UGent), Ghent, East Flanders
1970-1972

Glasshouses of the Ghent University Botanical Garden (Plantentuin UGent)

🇧🇪 Ghent, East Flanders
Four public glasshouses of the 1970s replaced those built by Louis Cloquet when the garden moved here in 1903.
BelgiumView entry →
Glasshouses of the TU Delft Hortus Botanicus, Delft, South Holland
1922

Glasshouses of the TU Delft Hortus Botanicus

🇳🇱 Delft, South Holland
A glasshouse complex built in 1922 to study tropical plants of industrial use, centred on the large Van Iterson house.
NetherlandsView entry →
Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg, Munich, Bavaria
1910–1912

Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg

🇩🇪 Munich, Bavaria
Three great halls and eleven smaller houses modelled on Frankfurt's Palmengarten, crowned by a palm-house dome more than 20 m high.
GermanyView entry →
Viktoriahaus and Tropenhaus of the University of Basel Botanical Garden, Basel, Basel-Stadt
1898 (Viktoriahaus); 2023 (Tropenhaus)

Viktoriahaus and Tropenhaus of the University of Basel Botanical Garden

🇨🇭 Basel, Basel-Stadt
An 1898 iron-and-glass dome built for the giant water lily, now beside a new Tropenhaus with a walk-through cloud forest house.
SwitzerlandView entry →
Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia
1979–1984

Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Bonn

🇩🇪 Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia
A glasshouse complex rebuilt in 1979-1984 on the foundations of the nineteenth-century houses, where the titan arum flowers from time to time.
GermanyView entry →
Schaugewächshäuser of the Karlsruhe Botanical Garden, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg
1853–1857

Schaugewächshäuser of the Karlsruhe Botanical Garden

🇩🇪 Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg
Three iron-and-glass houses designed by Heinrich Hübsch, destroyed in 1944-1945, rebuilt and then restored until 2018.
GermanyView entry →
Schaugewächshäuser of the Flora and Botanical Garden of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia
2026

Schaugewächshäuser of the Flora and Botanical Garden of Cologne

🇩🇪 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Three parabolic steel-and-glass wings opened in June 2026, with a canopy walkway through a tropical house and a desert canyon.
GermanyView entry →
1985

Pflanzenschauhäuser of the Grugapark

🇩🇪 Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia
Three glass pyramids of 1985 housing rainforest, cloud forest and succulents, reopened in 2021 under membrane-cushion roofs.
GermanyView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden (Warszewicz Orangery), Kraków, Lesser Poland
1787–2025

Greenhouses of the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden (Warszewicz Orangery)

🇵🇱 Kraków, Lesser Poland
The Viennese palm house of 1882, demolished in 1969, was rebuilt in 2025 on its original foundations in Poland's oldest botanic garden.
PolandView entry →
Lednice Castle Greenhouse (zámecký skleník), Lednice, South Moravia
1843–1845

Lednice Castle Greenhouse (zámecký skleník)

🇨🇿 Lednice, South Moravia
Commissioned in 1842 by the Prince of Liechtenstein, this 92 m nave of cast iron and glass carries some 65,000 scale-shaped panes.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Palm House and Greenhouses of the University of Tartu Botanical Garden, Tartu, Tartu County
1807 (first greenhouse); palm house 1984

Palm House and Greenhouses of the University of Tartu Botanical Garden

🇪🇪 Tartu, Tartu County
On a site in continuous use since 1806, a 22-metre palm house shelters more than fifty palm species, some over a century old.
EstoniaView entry →
Flora Olomouc Collection Greenhouses (sbírkové skleníky), Olomouc, Olomouc Region
1927–1930

Flora Olomouc Collection Greenhouses (sbírkové skleníky)

🇨🇿 Olomouc, Olomouc Region
The listed palm house of 1927-1930 shelters some 70 palm species, including specimens over a century old that came from Moravian castle greenhouses.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Łańcut Castle Orangery (Oranżeria), Łańcut, Podkarpackie
1799–1802

Łańcut Castle Orangery (Oranżeria)

🇵🇱 Łańcut, Podkarpackie
Built for orange trees brought from Wilanów, Łańcut's neoclassical orangery yielded two original furnaces and heating channels during its renovation.
PolandView entry →
Oliwa Park Palm House (Palmiarnia Parku Oliwskiego), Gdańsk (Oliwa), Pomerania
Eighteenth-century orangery; rotunda opened 2022

Oliwa Park Palm House (Palmiarnia Parku Oliwskiego)

🇵🇱 Gdańsk (Oliwa), Pomerania
A slightly twisted 24-metre glass cylinder was built for a date palm about 180 years old that had outgrown the roof of the old orangery.
PolandView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Nantes (Palmarium and Orangery), Nantes, Pays de la Loire
1895-1900

Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Nantes (Palmarium and Orangery)

🇫🇷 Nantes, Pays de la Loire
A Palmarium opened in 1896 under a 10 m dome, and a salvaged winter garden that now shelters the cactus collection.
FranceView entry →
Bary Greenhouse (former Victoria House), University of Strasbourg Botanical Garden, Strasbourg, Grand Est
1884-1885

Bary Greenhouse (former Victoria House), University of Strasbourg Botanical Garden

🇫🇷 Strasbourg, Grand Est
The last survivor of the grand imperial glasshouses of 1884, this twelve-sided house was built for the giant Victoria water lily and remains unique in France.
FranceView entry →
Equatorial Dome, ZooParc de Beauval, Saint-Aignan, Centre-Val de Loire
2017-2020

Equatorial Dome, ZooParc de Beauval

🇫🇷 Saint-Aignan, Centre-Val de Loire
A 38 m glass dome opened in 2020: a steel frame of about 1,000 tonnes shelters an equatorial forest and close to 25,000 animals.
FranceView entry →
Equatorial Greenhouse, Jardin des plantes de Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France
1969-1970

Equatorial Greenhouse, Jardin des plantes de Lille

🇫🇷 Lille, Hauts-de-France
A brutalist glasshouse of 1970 with a flower-petal plan, set on three concrete piers, likened to the Barbican conservatory in London.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Rouen (central greenhouse of 1842), Rouen, Normandy
1839-1842

Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Rouen (central greenhouse of 1842)

🇫🇷 Rouen, Normandy
A cast-iron and glass central greenhouse of 1839-1842, listed in 1975, extended by seven houses of 1884 and tropical houses of 1936.
FranceView entry →
Orangery and Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier, Montpellier, Occitanie
1802-1806 (orangery); 1860 (Martins greenhouse)

Orangery and Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier

🇫🇷 Montpellier, Occitanie
In France's oldest botanical garden, an orangery of 1806 with thirteen glazed bays and a Martins greenhouse of 1860 devoted to cacti and succulents.
FranceView entry →
Invernaderos of the Real Jardín Botánico (Graells Greenhouse and Santiago Castroviejo Greenhouse), Madrid, Community of Madrid
1856 and 1993

Invernaderos of the Real Jardín Botánico (Graells Greenhouse and Santiago Castroviejo Greenhouse)

🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid
A small cast-iron glasshouse of 1856 and a large exhibition greenhouse of 1993 stand side by side on the upper terrace of Charles III's garden.
SpainView entry →
Monleón Greenhouse, Jardí Botànic of the University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencian Community
1860-1862

Monleón Greenhouse, Jardí Botànic of the University of Valencia

🇪🇸 Valencia, Valencian Community
Designed in 1859 by Sebastià Monleón, this iron-and-glass house is presented as the first building in Spain constructed with those materials.
SpainView entry →
1808-c. 1820

Serra Merola (Stufa Temperata), Botanical Garden of Naples

🇮🇹 Naples, Campania
A neoclassical orangery of 1808 whose façade lines up seven glazed arches between Doric columns and thirty metopes carved with plants.
ItalyView entry →
Greenhouses of the Giardino dei Semplici (Orto Botanico of Florence), Florence, Tuscany
1880

Greenhouses of the Giardino dei Semplici (Orto Botanico of Florence)

🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany
A row of glasshouses more than 160 m long fronts Via Micheli, in one of the world's oldest botanical gardens, founded in 1545.
ItalyView entry →
Serra Moresca of Villa Torlonia, Rome, Lazio
1839-1841

Serra Moresca of Villa Torlonia

🇮🇹 Rome, Lazio
A Neo-Moorish greenhouse designed in 1839 by Giuseppe Jappelli, reopened in December 2021 after fourteen years of closure.
ItalyView entry →
Palacio de Cristal de la Arganzuela (greenhouse), Madrid, Community of Madrid
1992 (original building: 1908-1928 depending on source)

Palacio de Cristal de la Arganzuela (greenhouse)

🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid
A former Madrid livestock-market hall with a riveted steel frame, converted in 1992 into a 7,100 m² greenhouse with four climates.
SpainView entry →
Victorian Palm Houses, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
1834 / 1858

Victorian Palm Houses, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

🇬🇧 Edinburgh, Scotland
Two A-listed palm houses, from 1834 and 1858, joined into a single space by a five-year restoration completed in October 2026.
United KingdomView entry →
Barbican Conservatory, London, England
1984

Barbican Conservatory

🇬🇧 London, England
An indoor rainforest perched on level 3 of the Barbican, built to wrap around the theatre's fly tower.
United KingdomView entry →
David Welch Winter Gardens (Duthie Park), Aberdeen, Scotland
1899 / 1970

David Welch Winter Gardens (Duthie Park)

🇬🇧 Aberdeen, Scotland
One of Europe's largest indoor gardens, rebuilt in 1970 after gales destroyed the Victorian palm house of 1899.
United KingdomView entry →
People's Palace and Winter Gardens, Glasgow Green, Glasgow, Scotland
1898

People's Palace and Winter Gardens

🇬🇧 Glasgow Green, Glasgow, Scotland
A large Victorian glasshouse attached to a red-sandstone "people's palace", closed since 2018 pending a £35.9m restoration.
United KingdomView entry →
RHS Garden Wisley Glasshouse (Bicentenary Glasshouse), Wisley, Surrey
2007

RHS Garden Wisley Glasshouse (Bicentenary Glasshouse)

🇬🇧 Wisley, Surrey
A 12 m-high glass nave opened in 2007 for the RHS bicentenary, bringing desert, tropical and temperate climates under one roof.
United KingdomView entry →
Palmhuset (Trädgårdsföreningen), Gothenburg, Västra Götaland
1878

Palmhuset (Trädgårdsföreningen)

🇸🇪 Gothenburg, Västra Götaland
A glass-and-iron palace prefabricated in Scotland and raised in 1878, one of the few large Victorian palm houses to survive.
SwedenView entry →
Orangerieschloss (Orangery Palace, Sanssouci), Potsdam, Brandenburg
1851–1864

Orangerieschloss (Orangery Palace, Sanssouci)

🇩🇪 Potsdam, Brandenburg
The last and largest palace built in Sanssouci Park, whose two side halls still shelter more than 1,000 potted plants each winter.
GermanyView entry →
Wilhelma Historic Glasshouses (Kuppelhäuser), Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
1852–1853

Wilhelma Historic Glasshouses (Kuppelhäuser)

🇩🇪 Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
Prefabricated cast-iron glasshouses of 1852-53, built to overwinter orange trees and grow the giant Victoria water lily, now aviaries.
GermanyView entry →
botanika (Rhododendron Park glasshouses, Bremen), Bremen
2003

botanika (Rhododendron Park glasshouses, Bremen)

🇩🇪 Bremen
Asian landscapes under glass, from the Himalaya to Borneo and Japan, sheltering the world's largest collection of rhododendrons.
GermanyView entry →
Tropical Glasshouses of Planten un Blomen (Tropengewächshäuser), Hamburg
1963

Tropical Glasshouses of Planten un Blomen (Tropengewächshäuser)

🇩🇪 Hamburg
A 1963 group of five glasshouses whose glazing hangs from external profiles, leaving the interior free of supports.
GermanyView entry →
Great Tropical Greenhouse of Parc Phœnix ("Green Diamond"), Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
1990

Great Tropical Greenhouse of Parc Phœnix ("Green Diamond")

🇫🇷 Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
One of Europe's largest single-span glasshouses, with no intermediate supports, nicknamed the "Green Diamond".
FranceView entry →
Noilly-Prat Tropical Greenhouse, Jardin botanique E. M. Heckel (Parc Borély), Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
1870

Noilly-Prat Tropical Greenhouse, Jardin botanique E. M. Heckel (Parc Borély)

🇫🇷 Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
An 1870 winter garden moved in 1982 from a vermouth family's estate, closed since 2004 and awaiting restoration.
FranceView entry →

Botanical Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes Joséphine Baker

🇫🇷 Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Three greenhouses with different climates in a municipal botanical garden dating from 1842, renovated in 2003 in the spirit of 1845 glasshouses.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique Henri Gaussen, Toulouse, Occitanie

Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique Henri Gaussen

🇫🇷 Toulouse, Occitanie
A university botanical garden founded in 1796 and reopened in 2008, whose greenhouses cover humid rainforest, succulents and carnivorous plants.
FranceView entry →
Tropical Greenhouse of La Ferme aux crocodiles, Pierrelatte, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
1994

Tropical Greenhouse of La Ferme aux crocodiles

🇫🇷 Pierrelatte, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
A huge tropical greenhouse in the Drôme, heated by hot water from the cooling circuit of the Eurodif plant on the Tricastin nuclear site.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Metz Botanical Garden, Montigny-lès-Metz, Grand Est
1861 (rebuilt c. 1880-1882)

Greenhouses of the Metz Botanical Garden

🇫🇷 Montigny-lès-Metz, Grand Est
Iron glasshouses born of Metz's 1861 exhibition, moved into the botanical garden and the subject of a restoration programme since 2017.
FranceView entry →
2025

The Biome: greenhouses of the Besançon Botanical Garden

🇫🇷 Besançon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Besançon's botanical garden, founded in 1726, regained brand-new greenhouses in 2025 on the Bouloie campus after seven years without them.
FranceView entry →
Tropical greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Caen, Caen, Normandy
1988 (present exhibition houses; earlier houses from the 19th century)

Tropical greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Caen

🇫🇷 Caen, Normandy
The older houses, destroyed along with the orangery in the 1944 bombardments, were replaced in 1988 by exhibition houses for exotic plants.
FranceView entry →
Rotunda greenhouse of the Château des Ravalet, Tourlaville (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin), Normandy
1873-1875

Rotunda greenhouse of the Château des Ravalet

🇫🇷 Tourlaville (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin), Normandy
A rare nineteenth-century rotunda greenhouse still standing in Normandy, where pineapples and bananas were grown for the château's guests.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de la Bastide, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine
2005–2007

Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de la Bastide

🇫🇷 Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Seven greenhouses carried by a frame of whole tree trunks and topped by a photovoltaic canopy, on the right bank of the Garonne.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses and Orangery of the Parc du Thabor, Rennes, Brittany
1862–1863

Greenhouses and Orangery of the Parc du Thabor

🇫🇷 Rennes, Brittany
Iron-and-glass greenhouses with three domed pavilions, bombed in 1944 and replaced by concrete houses that now shelter cacti.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de Tours (Biodivers houses and Jeanne Barret greenhouse), Tours, Centre-Val de Loire
1869

Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de Tours (Biodivers houses and Jeanne Barret greenhouse)

🇫🇷 Tours, Centre-Val de Loire
Nineteenth-century collection houses, renovated since 2007 around South African flora, tropical understory and useful tropical plants.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes d'Orléans (Grande serre and tropical house), Orléans, Centre-Val de Loire
1834–1836

Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes d'Orléans (Grande serre and tropical house)

🇫🇷 Orléans, Centre-Val de Loire
A neoclassical great greenhouse of 1836 and a tropical house that held 2,252 plants from 60 families, set beside the Loire.
FranceView entry →
Tropical Greenhouses of the Conservatoire botanique national de Brest, Brest, Brittany

Tropical Greenhouses of the Conservatoire botanique national de Brest

🇫🇷 Brest, Brittany
Four climate rooms devoted to more than 200 taxa, 95% of them threatened, in the Stang-Alar valley.
FranceView entry →
Greenhouse (orangery) of the Jardin Massey, Tarbes, Occitanie
1880-1886

Greenhouse (orangery) of the Jardin Massey

🇫🇷 Tarbes, Occitanie
A metal greenhouse with a glazed dome, built by the city of Tarbes in place of the winter garden Placide Massey had planned.
FranceView entry →
1877-1893

Toulouse Municipal Greenhouses (boulevard de la Marne)

🇫🇷 Toulouse, Occitanie
Nineteenth-century greenhouses dismantled at the Jardin des Plantes and rebuilt on boulevard de la Marne, where they grow 330,000 plants a year.
FranceView entry →
Grande Serre of the Parc zoologique de Paris (Vincennes Zoo), Paris 12th arrondissement, Île-de-France
2014

Grande Serre of the Parc zoologique de Paris (Vincennes Zoo)

🇫🇷 Paris 12th arrondissement, Île-de-France
A 4,000 m² tropical glasshouse built when the Vincennes zoo was entirely reconstructed and reopened in April 2014.
FranceView entry →
Royal Greenhouses of Racconigi Castle (Serre Reali), Racconigi, Piedmont
1844-1848

Royal Greenhouses of Racconigi Castle (Serre Reali)

🇮🇹 Racconigi, Piedmont
A long neo-Gothic nave of iron and glass built for the House of Savoy at the far end of the park of Racconigi Castle, a World Heritage site.
ItalyView entry →
Boboli Gardens Limonaia (Lemon House), Florence, Tuscany
1777-1778

Boboli Gardens Limonaia (Lemon House)

🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany
A 106-metre lemon house built in 1777-1778 to shelter about 500 potted citrus trees descended from Medicean cultivars.
ItalyView entry →
Roster Tepidarium, Giardino dell'Orticoltura, Florence, Tuscany
1880

Roster Tepidarium, Giardino dell'Orticoltura

🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany
A Florentine 'crystal palace' inaugurated in 1880 and presented as one of the largest glasshouses in Italy.
ItalyView entry →
Serre di Graefer (Bourbon Greenhouses), Reggia di Caserta, Caserta, Campania

Serre di Graefer (Bourbon Greenhouses), Reggia di Caserta

🇮🇹 Caserta, Campania
The queen's gardener's glasshouses, the botanical laboratory of the Reggia's English Garden, reopened in 2024 after eight years of closure.
ItalyView entry →
Scopoli Greenhouses, Pavia Botanical Garden (Serre Scopoliane), Pavia, Lombardy
1776

Scopoli Greenhouses, Pavia Botanical Garden (Serre Scopoliane)

🇮🇹 Pavia, Lombardy
Glasshouses begun in 1776 to a design by Piermarini that still shelter cycads and more than 500 species of succulents.
ItalyView entry →
Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico of the University of Genoa (Hanbury), Genoa, Liguria
1859 (large greenhouse); rebuilt in 1965

Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico of the University of Genoa (Hanbury)

🇮🇹 Genoa, Liguria
A one-hectare city-centre garden holds six greenhouses on three levels, including a large masonry house begun in 1859.
ItalyView entry →
Antiche Serre (Old Greenhouses) in the Miramare Castle Park, Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia
1856-1860

Antiche Serre (Old Greenhouses) in the Miramare Castle Park

🇮🇹 Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Greenhouses built for Maximilian of Habsburg and restored in 2024 to shelter citrus again, a dream the nineteenth-century climate had prevented.
ItalyView entry →
MUSE Tropical Greenhouse (Museo delle Scienze), Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige
2013

MUSE Tropical Greenhouse (Museo delle Scienze)

🇮🇹 Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige
A fragment of Tanzania's Udzungwa mountain forest recreated under glass at 30 °C in a science museum designed by Renzo Piano.
ItalyView entry →
1836

Serre Ducali, Modena Botanical Garden

🇮🇹 Modena, Emilia-Romagna
Two large ducal greenhouses completed in 1836 and restored until 2025, in Modena's botanical garden founded in 1758.
ItalyView entry →
1875

Antica Serra, Siena Botanical Garden

🇮🇹 Siena, Tuscany
A small iron-and-coloured-glass hothouse of 1875, restored in 2024, at the heart of Siena's university botanical garden.
ItalyView entry →
Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico di Roma (Serra Monumentale and Serra Corsini), Rome, Lazio
1877

Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico di Roma (Serra Monumentale and Serra Corsini)

🇮🇹 Rome, Lazio
The Serra Monumentale, built by the Lyon firm Mathian in 1877, stands in the former grounds of Queen Christina of Sweden's palace.
ItalyView entry →
Gruson-Gewächshäuser (Gruson Greenhouses), Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
1896

Gruson-Gewächshäuser (Gruson Greenhouses)

🇩🇪 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
Born of the plant collection of industrialist Hermann Gruson, given to Magdeburg in 1895, they still grow a golden barrel cactus about 150 years old.
GermanyView entry →
Pillnitz Palmenhaus (Palm House), Dresden, Saxony
1859–1861

Pillnitz Palmenhaus (Palm House)

🇩🇪 Dresden, Saxony
Built in 1859-1861, it was then regarded as the largest greenhouse in Germany made entirely of cast iron.
GermanyView entry →
Biosphäre Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg
2001–2002

Biosphäre Potsdam

🇩🇪 Potsdam, Brandenburg
The former flower hall of the 2001 Federal Garden Show, set between the earthworks of a military site and turned into a rainforest in 2002.
GermanyView entry →
Danakil (desert and jungle house, egapark), Erfurt, Thuringia
2021

Danakil (desert and jungle house, egapark)

🇩🇪 Erfurt, Thuringia
Named after Ethiopia's Danakil Desert, it leads visitors along a watercourse from a 1,250 m² desert into a tropical rainforest.
GermanyView entry →
Berggarten Show Houses (Herrenhausen Gardens), Hanover, Lower Saxony
1958

Berggarten Show Houses (Herrenhausen Gardens)

🇩🇪 Hanover, Lower Saxony
Its orchid house, one of the largest permanent orchid displays in Europe, shows 500 to 800 orchids in flower all year round.
GermanyView entry →
1886

Historic Glasshouses of the Greifswald University Botanic Garden

🇩🇪 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
A rare survivor of the late 19th century, its riveted-steel palm house of 1886 is protected as a monument of national importance.
GermanyView entry →
Glasshouses of the Old Botanical Garden, Göttingen (Alter Botanischer Garten), Göttingen, Lower Saxony
1857

Glasshouses of the Old Botanical Garden, Göttingen (Alter Botanischer Garten)

🇩🇪 Göttingen, Lower Saxony
Built in 1857 as a Victorian-style orangery, the fern house has held since 1910 a collection raised from spores gathered around the world.
GermanyView entry →
Großes Gewächshaus (Great Greenhouse), Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel, Hesse
1822–1823

Großes Gewächshaus (Great Greenhouse), Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

🇩🇪 Kassel, Hesse
Commissioned in 1822 by Elector William II, it ranks among the earliest iron-and-glass structures in Europe.
GermanyView entry →
Kuppelgewächshaus (Dome Greenhouse), Düsseldorf University Botanical Garden, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
1974–1975

Kuppelgewächshaus (Dome Greenhouse), Düsseldorf University Botanical Garden

🇩🇪 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
A dome of 630 triangles, 18 m high and free of interior supports, devoted to the floras of Mediterranean-type climates.
GermanyView entry →
Palmenhaus (Palm House), Mainau Island, Mainau Island, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg
1968 (renewed 1998)

Palmenhaus (Palm House), Mainau Island

🇩🇪 Mainau Island, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg
Under a wave-shaped roof rising to 17.40 m grow more than twenty palm species, including a Canary date palm planted in 1888.
GermanyView entry →
1958 (renovated for 2023)

Pflanzenschauhaus (Plant Show House), Luisenpark

🇩🇪 Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg
Successor to an early 20th-century palm house lost in the war, this 1958 complex was judged too defining for the park to be demolished.
GermanyView entry →
1958

Pflanzenschauhäuser (Plant Show Houses), Rombergpark Botanical Garden

🇩🇪 Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia
Four listed glasshouses of 1958, including a Coal Age flora house where a grove of 35 Wollemi pines was planted.
GermanyView entry →
2011

Manatihaus (Manatee House), Nuremberg Zoo

🇩🇪 Nuremberg, Bavaria
Wooden walkways cross the canopy of a recreated South American forest and look down on a pool of Caribbean manatees.
GermanyView entry →
Great Conservatory, Syon Park, Syon Park, Brentford (London)
1826–1830 · restored 1986–87

Great Conservatory, Syon Park

🇬🇧 Syon Park, Brentford (London)
Its listing describes it as the first metal horticultural structure of any importance, completed around 1830.
United KingdomView entry →
Palm House, Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Bicton, Devon
≈1820–1825 · renovated 1985

Palm House, Bicton Park Botanical Gardens

🇬🇧 Bicton, Devon
Built around 1825, some twenty years before Kew's Palm House, its curving roof is glazed with about 18,000 small overlapping panes.
United KingdomView entry →
The Pavilions, Sheffield Botanical Gardens, Sheffield, South Yorkshire
1836–1838 · restored 2003

The Pavilions, Sheffield Botanical Gardens

🇬🇧 Sheffield, South Yorkshire
Designed by Benjamin Broomhead Taylor after a competition judged by Joseph Paxton, the three domed pavilions reopened in 2003.
United KingdomView entry →
Chiswick House Conservatory, Chiswick, London (Hounslow)
1813 · rebuilt 1932–33 · restored 2007–2010

Chiswick House Conservatory

🇬🇧 Chiswick, London (Hounslow)
Its camellia collection, with plants thought to date back to 1828, is one of the oldest in Europe grown under glass.
United KingdomView entry →
Princess of Wales Conservatory, Kew Gardens, Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames)
1987

Princess of Wales Conservatory, Kew Gardens

🇬🇧 Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames)
Opened by Diana in 1987, it gathers ten computer-controlled climates under one roof, from cool desert to tropical rainforest.
United KingdomView entry →
Waterlily House, Kew Gardens, Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames)
1852 · under restoration since 2025

Waterlily House, Kew Gardens

🇬🇧 Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames)
When it opened in 1852 to show off the giant Victoria waterlily, it was the widest single-span glasshouse in the world.
United KingdomView entry →
Glasshouses, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Edgbaston, Birmingham (West Midlands)
1852–1884 · restored 1980s–1990s

Glasshouses, Birmingham Botanical Gardens

🇬🇧 Edgbaston, Birmingham (West Midlands)
Built in 1852 partly to house the giant waterlily Victoria amazonica, the Tropical House is laid out around a raised circular pool.
United KingdomView entry →
Glasshouse Range, Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
1888–1891 · rebuilt in teak 1932–1934

Glasshouse Range, Cambridge University Botanic Garden

🇬🇧 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
In 2004 the first flowering of its titan arum was broadcast live online and watched by more than half a million people.
United KingdomView entry →
1976–1977

Tropical domes of the University of Zurich Botanic Garden

🇨🇭 Zurich, Canton of Zurich
Three acrylic calottes on a slender aluminium lattice, given back their original transparency by a renovation completed in 2013.
SwitzerlandView entry →
1976

Large display glasshouses of the Bern Botanical Garden (BOGA)

🇨🇭 Bern, Canton of Bern
Three listed steel-and-glass houses opened in 1976, reaching down the slope of the Aare valley in Bern.
SwitzerlandView entry →
Winter Garden and Temperate House of the Geneva Conservatory and Botanical Garden, Geneva, Canton of Geneva
1910–1911

Winter Garden and Temperate House of the Geneva Conservatory and Botanical Garden

🇨🇭 Geneva, Canton of Geneva
A 1911 winter garden moved in 1935 to make way for the Avenue de la Paix, beside a neoclassical-inspired temperate house.
SwitzerlandView entry →
Orangery and glasshouses of the Kruidtuin (Botanic Garden), Leuven, Leuven, Flemish Brabant
1821–1823

Orangery and glasshouses of the Kruidtuin (Botanic Garden), Leuven

🇧🇪 Leuven, Flemish Brabant
A classicist orangery flanked by glasshouses, built in 1821–1823 by the Prince of Orange's court architect and protected since 1976.
BelgiumView entry →
Papiliorama (tropical domes at Kerzers), Kerzers, Canton of Fribourg
2003

Papiliorama (tropical domes at Kerzers)

🇨🇭 Kerzers, Canton of Fribourg
Founded at Marin in 1988 and rebuilt after a fire in 1995, the tropical garden moved in 2003 under a 40-metre dome at Kerzers.
SwitzerlandView entry →
Collection glasshouse and orangeries of the Oude Hortus (old botanic garden of Utrecht), Utrecht, Utrecht province
1907

Collection glasshouse and orangeries of the Oude Hortus (old botanic garden of Utrecht)

🇳🇱 Utrecht, Utrecht province
Five parallel glasshouses of 1907, first heated by a coal-fired boiler, linked by a glazed corridor to an orangery of 1768.
NetherlandsView entry →
Rivièrahal and Victoria house of Diergaarde Blijdorp, Rotterdam, South Holland
1940

Rivièrahal and Victoria house of Diergaarde Blijdorp

🇳🇱 Rotterdam, South Holland
A 1940 hall by Sybold van Ravesteyn, designed as a winter garden, whose east wing keeps its original basin for the giant water lily.
NetherlandsView entry →
Tropical Ravine (Belfast Botanic Gardens), Belfast, Northern Ireland
1887–1889

Tropical Ravine (Belfast Botanic Gardens)

🇬🇧 Belfast, Northern Ireland
A Victorian glasshouse built around a sunken tropical glen that visitors look down on from a balcony.
United KingdomView entry →
Early 1870s (restored 2008–2009)

Benmore Fernery

🇬🇧 Benmore, near Dunoon (Argyll), Scotland
A Victorian fernery built against a cliff face, left in ruins for about a century before its revival in 2009.
United KingdomView entry →
Plantasia (Plantasia Tropical Zoo), Swansea, Wales
1990

Plantasia (Plantasia Tropical Zoo)

🇬🇧 Swansea, Wales
A 1990 glass pyramid set in a retail park, where a rainforest and an arid zone now house more than forty animal species.
United KingdomView entry →
Aberglasney Ninfarium, Llangathen, Carmarthenshire, Wales
2005

Aberglasney Ninfarium

🇬🇧 Llangathen, Carmarthenshire, Wales
A subtropical garden planted in the ruined rooms of a Welsh mansion, under a glass atrium completed in 2005.
United KingdomView entry →
Paxton's Vinery (Lismore Castle Gardens), Lismore, County Waterford
1853

Paxton's Vinery (Lismore Castle Gardens)

🇮🇪 Lismore, County Waterford
A Joseph Paxton glasshouse with the ridge-and-furrow roof of the Crystal Palace, believed to be the last of its design.
IrelandView entry →
Kylemore Abbey Victorian Walled Garden glasshouses, Kylemore, Connemara (County Galway)
1867–1871

Kylemore Abbey Victorian Walled Garden glasshouses

🇮🇪 Kylemore, Connemara (County Galway)
A Victorian garden that once had 21 glasshouses heated by 1,524 m of pipes, two of which have been rebuilt by the abbey's nuns.
IrelandView entry →
Main Glasshouse of the Tropical Botanical Garden (Estufa Principal, Jardim Botânico Tropical), Lisbon (Belém)
1914

Main Glasshouse of the Tropical Botanical Garden (Estufa Principal, Jardim Botânico Tropical)

🇵🇹 Lisbon (Belém)
Built of iron and glass in 1914, the main glasshouse is the chief survivor of the early years of the Colonial Garden founded in Lisbon in 1906.
PortugalView entry →
1889

Vivero de Estufas, El Retiro (historic greenhouse nursery)

🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid
Gathered in a corner of the Retiro from 1889 onwards, its nineteen old greenhouses form a group that the city describes as unique in Spain.
SpainView entry →
Circular Greenhouse of the Tapada das Necessidades (Estufa circular), Lisbon
19th century, under Pedro V

Circular Greenhouse of the Tapada das Necessidades (Estufa circular)

🇵🇹 Lisbon
A round iron-and-glass greenhouse built under Pedro V, once a winter garden for exotic plants and now awaiting rehabilitation.
PortugalView entry →
Glasshouses of the University of Graz Botanical Garden, Graz, Styria
1889 / 1995

Glasshouses of the University of Graz Botanical Garden

🇦🇹 Graz, Styria
Three intersecting parabolic cylinders of acrylic glass, designed by Volker Giencke and opened in 1995.
AustriaView entry →
Glasshouses of the Květná zahrada (Flower Garden), Kroměříž, Zlín Region
1840–1845

Glasshouses of the Květná zahrada (Flower Garden)

🇨🇿 Kroměříž, Zlín Region
Two classicist glasshouses of the 1840s frame the entrance to a 17th-century garden on the World Heritage List.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Glasshouses of the Charles University Botanical Garden (Na Slupi), Prague, New Town (Na Slupi)
1946–1949

Glasshouses of the Charles University Botanical Garden (Na Slupi)

🇨🇿 Prague, New Town (Na Slupi)
Rebuilt after the Allied bombing of 14 February 1945, these university glasshouses shelter a Cycas circinalis more than 130 years old.
Czech RepublicView entry →
Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn (Desert House, former Sundial House), Vienna, Schönbrunn Palace Park
1904

Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn (Desert House, former Sundial House)

🇦🇹 Vienna, Schönbrunn Palace Park
It keeps a Fockea in cultivation since the late 18th century, billed as the oldest potted succulent in the world.
AustriaView entry →
Festetics Palace Palm House (Pálmaház), Keszthely, Zala County
1880

Festetics Palace Palm House (Pálmaház)

🇭🇺 Keszthely, Zala County
An 1880 palm house whose iron frame was made in Gustave Eiffel's workshops in Paris.
HungaryView entry →
1958

Glasshouses of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Botanical Garden (UPJŠ)

🇸🇰 Košice, Košice Region
Its glasshouses keep some 11,000 cacti, presented as the largest such collection in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
SlovakiaView entry →
Tsaritsyno Orangeries, Moscow
2007–2008 (reconstruction)

Tsaritsyno Orangeries

🇷🇺 Moscow
By the mid-1780s Catherine II's orangeries here held ten thousand trees, tended by the German botanist Johann Rack.
RussiaView entry →
Talvipuutarha (Helsinki Winter Garden), Helsinki, Uusimaa
1891–1893

Talvipuutarha (Helsinki Winter Garden)

🇫🇮 Helsinki, Uusimaa
Given by a patron to the Finnish Horticultural Society, this 1893 glasshouse has been open to the public free of charge since the day it opened.
FinlandView entry →
Romeo and Julia pyramids (University of Oulu Botanical Garden), Oulu, North Ostrobothnia

Romeo and Julia pyramids (University of Oulu Botanical Garden)

🇫🇮 Oulu, North Ostrobothnia
Two glass pyramids, Romeo (16 m) and Julia (14 m), display some 1,200 exotic plants in one of the world's northernmost scientific gardens.
FinlandView entry →
Vinterhaven, the Winter Garden of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, Capital Region
1906

Vinterhaven, the Winter Garden of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek

🇩🇰 Copenhagen, Capital Region
Planned in stone, the dome over the museum's winter garden was finally built in iron and glass, in the manner of late nineteenth-century glasshouses.
DenmarkView entry →
1968–1970; tropical house 2014

Væksthusene, Aarhus Botanical Garden greenhouses (Tropical House)

🇩🇰 Aarhus, Central Jutland
A tropical dome clad in ETFE cushions, its shape calculated to catch the winter sun and keep out much of the summer sun.
DenmarkView entry →
University of Turku Botanical Garden greenhouses (Ruissalo), Turku, Southwest Finland

University of Turku Botanical Garden greenhouses (Ruissalo)

🇫🇮 Turku, Southwest Finland
In the largest of the six greenhouses, cockatiels and budgerigars fly freely above a pool of giant Victoria cruziana water lilies.
FinlandView entry →
Limonluk Kasr-ı Hümayunu, Yıldız Palace, Beşiktaş, Istanbul
1895

Limonluk Kasr-ı Hümayunu, Yıldız Palace

🇹🇷 Beşiktaş, Istanbul
An art nouveau orangery by Raimondo D'Aronco, born of Sultan Abdülhamid II's passion for plants.
TurkeyView entry →
1876

Maslak Pavilions Orangery (Maslak Kasırları Limonluk)

🇹🇷 Maslak, Sarıyer, Istanbul
Camellias planted for Abdülhamid II still fill this orangery, completed in 1876 and now ringed by Maslak's towers.
TurkeyView entry →
North America (70)
Allan Gardens Conservatory (Palm House), Toronto, Ontario
1910

Allan Gardens Conservatory (Palm House)

🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario
Rebuilt as a glass dome after fire reduced the original pavilion to ashes in 1902.
CanadaView entry →
Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory, Detroit, Michigan
1904

Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory

🇺🇸 Detroit, Michigan
The dome, originally timber-framed, was rebuilt in steel and aluminium in 1949 and reglazed in a renovation completed in 2024.
United StatesView entry →
Bloedel Conservatory, Vancouver, British Columbia
1969

Bloedel Conservatory

🇨🇦 Vancouver, British Columbia
A triodetic dome perched atop Vancouver, where more than 200 tropical birds fly free.
CanadaView entry →
Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory, Denver, Colorado
1966

Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Denver, Colorado
Its interlocking concrete arches form a petrified forest before visitors even step inside the tropical conservatory.
United StatesView entry →
Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens Conservatory, Buffalo, New York
1900

Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Buffalo, New York
An extremely rare Victorian tri-domed conservatory by Lord & Burnham, set in the heart of South Park.
United StatesView entry →
Climatron, St. Louis, Missouri
1960

Climatron

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
The world's first geodesic dome to serve as a botanical greenhouse.
United StatesView entry →
Conservatoire de Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
1921

Conservatoire de Longwood Gardens

🇺🇸 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
The great conservatory of Pierre S. du Pont's estate, built to dazzle his guests.
United StatesView entry →
Conservatory of Flowers, San Francisco
1878–1879

Conservatory of Flowers

🇺🇸 San Francisco
Rebuilt plank by plank after the 1995 storm.
United StatesView entry →
Crystal Bridge Tropical Conservatory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1988

Crystal Bridge Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
A cylindrical glass tube spanning downtown Oklahoma City, between rainforest and desert.
United StatesView entry →
Desert Garden Conservatory, The Huntington, San Marino, California
1985

Desert Garden Conservatory, The Huntington

🇺🇸 San Marino, California
More than 2,200 catalogued cacti and succulents, a living laboratory attached to the largest desert garden in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Devonian Gardens, Calgary, Alberta
1977

Devonian Gardens

🇨🇦 Calgary, Alberta
This fully glazed winter garden occupies the top floor of a downtown Calgary shopping centre and holds more than 500 trees.
CanadaView entry →
Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory, Atlanta, Georgia
1989

Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory

🇺🇸 Atlanta, Georgia
A pair of biomes under glass — rainforest and desert — at the heart of the Atlanta Botanical Garden.
United StatesView entry →
Enid A. Haupt Conservatory, Bronx, New York
1899–1902

Enid A. Haupt Conservatory

🇺🇸 Bronx, New York
Saved from demolition by a single philanthropic gift.
United StatesView entry →
Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, Fort Wayne, Indiana
1983

Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Fort Wayne, Indiana
More than 1,200 plants and 72 cactus varieties under glass, right in downtown Fort Wayne.
United StatesView entry →
Franklin Park Conservatory (John F. Wolfe Palm House), Columbus, Ohio
1895

Franklin Park Conservatory (John F. Wolfe Palm House)

🇺🇸 Columbus, Ohio
The only public botanical garden in the world with a signature permanent collection of Dale Chihuly glass.
United StatesView entry →
Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago
1906–1908

Garfield Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Chicago
Designed as a natural landscape, not a collection displayed in rows.
United StatesView entry →
Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory, Baltimore, Maryland
1888

Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory

🇺🇸 Baltimore, Maryland
The second-oldest public glass conservatory still standing in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
1985

JungleWorld

🇺🇸 Bronx Zoo, New York
Partly funded by a zoo patron, a barless Asian “jungle” opened in the Bronx in 1985.
United StatesView entry →
Krohn Conservatory, Cincinnati, Ohio
1933

Krohn Conservatory

🇺🇸 Cincinnati, Ohio
An Art Deco cathedral of glass nestled in Eden Park, with its indoor tropical waterfall.
United StatesView entry →
Lena Meijer Tropical Conservatory, Grand Rapids, Michigan
1995

Lena Meijer Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Grand Rapids, Michigan
When it opened in 1995 it was billed as the largest tropical conservatory in Michigan.
United StatesView entry →
Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Conservatory, Richmond, Virginia
2003 · expanded 2026

Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Conservatory

🇺🇸 Richmond, Virginia
The 2003 conservatory nearly doubled in size in 2026 and now includes a permanent butterfly house.
United StatesView entry →
1992

Lied Jungle

🇺🇸 Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha
One of the largest indoor rainforests in the world, opened on April 4, 1992, for $15 million
United StatesView entry →
Lincoln Park Conservatory, Chicago, Illinois
1890–1895

Lincoln Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois
Its fiddle-leaf rubber tree, planted in 1891, still rises beneath the glass roof today.
United StatesView entry →
Linnean House, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri
1882

Linnean House, Missouri Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
The oldest continuously operating display greenhouse in the United States, devoted to camellias.
United StatesView entry →
Longwood Gardens West Conservatory, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
2024

Longwood Gardens West Conservatory

🇺🇸 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
The largest construction project in Longwood Gardens' history, with a roof and walls that open according to the weather.
United StatesView entry →
Lyman Plant House & Conservatory, Northampton, Massachusetts
1894–1895

Lyman Plant House & Conservatory

🇺🇸 Northampton, Massachusetts
Ten of the twelve houses making up the Lyman Conservatory are open to visitors; the other two are horticultural work spaces.
United StatesView entry →
Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
1915

Marjorie McNeely Conservatory

🇺🇸 Saint Paul, Minnesota
One of the last great Victorian 'Crystal Palace' greenhouses still standing in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Matthaei Botanical Gardens Conservatory, Ann Arbor, Michigan
1964

Matthaei Botanical Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Designed by architect Alden Dow, this university conservatory is said to be the largest university-run display glasshouse in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (The Domes), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1964

Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (The Domes)

🇺🇸 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Three glass beehive domes, a modernist icon of Milwaukee, now under threat from age.
United StatesView entry →
Muttart Conservatory, Edmonton
1976

Muttart Conservatory

🇨🇦 Edmonton
Four tropical pyramids planted in a winter that reaches -30°C.
CanadaView entry →
Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory, Niagara Falls, Ontario
1996

Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory

🇨🇦 Niagara Falls, Ontario
More than 2,000 tropical butterflies fly freely beneath its glasshouse, replenished at a rate of 3,000 imported chrysalises each month.
CanadaView entry →
Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh
1893

Phipps Conservatory

🇺🇸 Pittsburgh
A gift to the city from steel magnate Henry Phipps.
United StatesView entry →
Serres d'exposition du Jardin botanique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec
1956

Serres d'exposition du Jardin botanique de Montréal

🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec
Ten themed greenhouses tell the botanical story of the planet under one continuous ribbon of glass.
CanadaView entry →
Steinhardt Conservatory, Brooklyn, New York
1988

Steinhardt Conservatory

🇺🇸 Brooklyn, New York
A cluster of contemporary glass pavilions replaced decaying wooden greenhouses, beside the restored Palm House.
United StatesView entry →
The Leaf, Winnipeg, Manitoba
2022

The Leaf

🇨🇦 Winnipeg, Manitoba
An ETFE greenhouse-sculpture whose unfurled roof draws on the spiral of a nautilus shell.
CanadaView entry →
The RainForest, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland
1992

The RainForest

🇺🇸 Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland
An 8,100 m² glass-and-granite dome where a simulated tropical storm rumbles several times a day
United StatesView entry →
United States Botanic Garden, Washington, D.C.
Garden 1820 · greenhouse 1933

United States Botanic Garden

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
Born from a plant collection brought back by a Pacific expedition.
United StatesView entry →
Volunteer Park Conservatory, Seattle, Washington
1912

Volunteer Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington
A small Victorian Crystal Palace shipped "in kit form" in 1912, still standing on Capitol Hill.
United StatesView entry →
2003

Eleanor Armstrong Smith Glasshouse (Cleveland Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Cleveland, Ohio
A glasshouse shaped after quartz-crystal geometry, holding a Costa Rican cloud forest and Madagascar's spiny desert side by side.
United StatesView entry →
Desert Dome (Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium), Omaha, Nebraska
2002

Desert Dome (Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Omaha, Nebraska
A 70 m geodesic dome, billed as the world's largest glazed one, shelters three re-created deserts.
United StatesView entry →
Oak Park Conservatory, Oak Park, Illinois
1929

Oak Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Oak Park, Illinois
An Edwardian-style glasshouse of 1929, saved from demolition in 1970 by residents who did not want to see it become a parking lot.
United StatesView entry →
Reiman Gardens Conservatory Complex (Hughes Conservatory and Christina Reiman Butterfly Wing), Ames, Iowa
2002

Reiman Gardens Conservatory Complex (Hughes Conservatory and Christina Reiman Butterfly Wing)

🇺🇸 Ames, Iowa
On the Iowa State University campus, a tropical wing kept at 27 °C can hold up to 800 butterflies of 80 species.
United StatesView entry →
Geodesic Conservatory, Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden (Botanical Center), Des Moines, Iowa
1979

Geodesic Conservatory, Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden (Botanical Center)

🇺🇸 Des Moines, Iowa
A geodesic dome of 665 Plexiglas panels, opened in 1979 on a former brickyard, shelters more than 1,000 tropical species.
United StatesView entry →
Corbin Conservatory (Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens), Akron, Ohio
1915 (rebuilt 2005)

Corbin Conservatory (Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens)

🇺🇸 Akron, Ohio
The Seiberling estate's glasshouse, damaged by a windstorm in 1947, was rebuilt to the original plans in 2005.
United StatesView entry →
Dorrance H. Hamilton Fernery, Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1899

Dorrance H. Hamilton Fernery, Morris Arboretum

🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The only freestanding Victorian fernery still standing in North America, with a schist grotto and waterfalls.
United StatesView entry →
Biltmore Estate Conservatory, Asheville, North Carolina
1895

Biltmore Estate Conservatory

🇺🇸 Asheville, North Carolina
Vanderbilt's estate conservatory, completed in 1895 at the foot of the walled garden, has a forty-foot palm room and more than five hundred orchids.
United StatesView entry →
Elizabeth Park Greenhouses (Sweetland-Patricelli Greenhouse Complex), Hartford and West Hartford, Connecticut
1898

Elizabeth Park Greenhouses (Sweetland-Patricelli Greenhouse Complex)

🇺🇸 Hartford and West Hartford, Connecticut
Lord & Burnham greenhouses from 1898 still in service, producing more than 180,000 plants a year for a municipal park's beds.
United StatesView entry →
Brookside Gardens Conservatory, Wheaton, Maryland
1969

Brookside Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Wheaton, Maryland
Designed by the county's chief of horticulture because there was no budget for an architect, it opened with the garden on 13 July 1969.
United StatesView entry →
1903-1915

Sonnenberg Gardens Greenhouses (Palm House and Lord & Burnham complex)

🇺🇸 Canandaigua, New York
One of the few Lord & Burnham complexes left intact in the United States: twelve structures around a hollow square, with a domed palm house.
United StatesView entry →
Lyman Estate Greenhouses (The Vale), Waltham, Massachusetts
1804

Lyman Estate Greenhouses (The Vale)

🇺🇸 Waltham, Massachusetts
One of the oldest surviving greenhouse complexes in the United States: a grape house of 1804, a camellia house of about 1820 and vines from Hampton Court.
United StatesView entry →
Planting Fields Arboretum Greenhouses (Camellia Greenhouse and Main Greenhouse), Oyster Bay, New York
1914-1929

Planting Fields Arboretum Greenhouses (Camellia Greenhouse and Main Greenhouse)

🇺🇸 Oyster Bay, New York
A glasshouse built in 1917 for a camellia collection from Guernsey, including six Camellia reticulata never before grown in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Botanical Building, Balboa Park (lath house), San Diego, California
1914-1915

Botanical Building, Balboa Park (lath house)

🇺🇸 San Diego, California
One of the largest lath structures in the world, built for the 1915 Panama-California Exposition and reopened in 2024 after a three-year restoration.
United StatesView entry →
Lucile Halsell Conservatory, San Antonio Botanical Garden, San Antonio, Texas
1988

Lucile Halsell Conservatory, San Antonio Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 San Antonio, Texas
A largely underground glasshouse from which only the glazed peaks emerge, and the first completed building by the architect Emilio Ambasz.
United StatesView entry →
Centennial Park Conservatory, Toronto (Etobicoke), Ontario
1969-1970

Centennial Park Conservatory

🇨🇦 Toronto (Etobicoke), Ontario
A free municipal glasshouse from 1970 combining palms, orchids, banana trees, cacti and seasonal flower shows.
CanadaView entry →
2009

ENMAX Conservatory (Calgary Zoo)

🇨🇦 Calgary, Alberta
Two 1960s greenhouses turned in 2009 into a tropical conservatory and butterfly garden, with LEED certification.
CanadaView entry →
1986

Mediterranean Garden (RBG Centre, Royal Botanical Gardens)

🇨🇦 Burlington, Ontario
The only conservatory of the Royal Botanical Gardens, a two-storey glasshouse opened in 1986 for plants of the five Mediterranean-climate regions.
CanadaView entry →
Gage Park Tropical Greenhouse, Hamilton, Ontario

Gage Park Tropical Greenhouse

🇨🇦 Hamilton, Ontario
A recent tropical glasshouse on a glulam timber frame, oriented towards the escarpment, where free-flying birds help control pests.
CanadaView entry →
Cosmovitral Jardín Botánico, Toluca de Lerdo, State of Mexico
1909–1910 (garden inaugurated in 1980)

Cosmovitral Jardín Botánico

🇲🇽 Toluca de Lerdo, State of Mexico
A former Art Nouveau market whose large windows were turned into a vast stained-glass work by Leopoldo Flores, housing a botanical garden.
MexicoView entry →
Invernadero Faustino Miranda (UNAM Botanical Garden), Mexico City, Ciudad Universitaria (Coyoacán)
1959

Invernadero Faustino Miranda (UNAM Botanical Garden)

🇲🇽 Mexico City, Ciudad Universitaria (Coyoacán)
A hemispherical iron dome of 1959, set in a hollow of volcanic rock, housing a small Mexican humid tropical forest.
MexicoView entry →
2006 (greenhouse from the 1940s or 1950s)

Orquideario, Chapultepec Botanical Garden

🇲🇽 Mexico City, Bosque de Chapultepec (First Section)
An art deco glasshouse with stained-glass vaults and domes, targeted by an art pavilion project whose works a court suspended in 2022.
MexicoView entry →
Niagara Parks Floral Showhouse, Niagara Falls, Ontario
1946

Niagara Parks Floral Showhouse

🇨🇦 Niagara Falls, Ontario
Opened in 1946 a few minutes' walk from the Horseshoe Falls, it has staged a chrysanthemum show every autumn since then.
CanadaView entry →
1967

Centennial Botanical Conservatory

🇨🇦 Thunder Bay, Ontario
A 1967 centennial project, this free conservatory, recommended for closure in 2020, was almost entirely rebuilt in 2024–2025.
CanadaView entry →
Talcott Greenhouse (Mount Holyoke College), South Hadley, Massachusetts
1896–1899

Talcott Greenhouse (Mount Holyoke College)

🇺🇸 South Hadley, Massachusetts
Rebuilt after the fire of 1896 with James Talcott's backing, this Victorian glasshouse has served botany teaching for more than a century.
United StatesView entry →
Orchid Range, Duke Farms, Hillsborough, New Jersey
1899–1901

Orchid Range, Duke Farms

🇺🇸 Hillsborough, New Jersey
The first ornamental building on James B. Duke's estate, this 1899–1901 conservatory holds nearly 2,000 orchids of some 1,300 varieties.
United StatesView entry →
1913

Brown Family Conservatory (Reynolda Gardens)

🇺🇸 Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Completed in 1913 for Katharine Reynolds, this Lord & Burnham greenhouse became design No. 539 in the builder's catalogue.
United StatesView entry →
Garfield Park Conservatory & Sunken Garden, Indianapolis, Indiana
1954

Garfield Park Conservatory & Sunken Garden

🇺🇸 Indianapolis, Indiana
Rebuilt in 1954, this was the first conservatory in the United States to stand on an all-welded aluminium frame.
United StatesView entry →
W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory (Wright Park), Tacoma, Washington
1908

W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory (Wright Park)

🇺🇸 Tacoma, Washington
Paid for by a 10,000-dollar gift, it is one of only three Victorian-style conservatories on the American West Coast.
United StatesView entry →
Jewel Box (Forest Park), St. Louis, Missouri
1936

Jewel Box (Forest Park)

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
An Art Deco greenhouse of 1936 whose stepped, vertical glass walls were designed to stand up better to Midwestern hailstorms.
United StatesView entry →
Biosphere 2, Oracle, Arizona
1987–1991

Biosphere 2

🇺🇸 Oracle, Arizona
Over 12,000 m² under glass holding rainforest, coral ocean, mangrove, savanna and desert, sealed for two years from 1991.
United StatesView entry →
Rainforest Pyramid (Moody Gardens), Galveston, Texas
1993

Rainforest Pyramid (Moody Gardens)

🇺🇸 Galveston, Texas
At 43 metres high, it is recognised by Guinness World Records as the largest pyramid-shaped greenhouse.
United StatesView entry →
South America (12)
2026

Cali Botanical Garden Orchid Pavilion

🇨🇴 Cali
A new pavilion for orchids native to the tropical dry forest of the Cauca valley, a habitat under threat from deforestation.
ColombiaView entry →
Crystal Palace of Petrópolis, Petrópolis
1884

Crystal Palace of Petrópolis

🇧🇷 Petrópolis
An iron-and-glass pavilion made in France, a gift from the Count of Eu to Princess Isabel so she could grow her plants.
BrazilView entry →
Estufa das Bromélias Roberto Burle Marx, Rio de Janeiro

Estufa das Bromélias Roberto Burle Marx

🇧🇷 Rio de Janeiro
Nearly 1,700 bromeliads from the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest, in a greenhouse named after the great landscape architect Burle Marx.
BrazilView entry →
Estufa do Jardim Botânico de Curitiba, Curitiba
1991

Estufa do Jardim Botânico de Curitiba

🇧🇷 Curitiba
Curitiba's postcard image, inspired by London's Crystal Palace.
BrazilView entry →
Invernáculo du Jardin botanique Carlos Thays, Buenos Aires
Exhibited in 1889 · installed in 1897

Invernáculo du Jardin botanique Carlos Thays

🇦🇷 Buenos Aires
Award-winning at the Paris World's Fair before crossing the Atlantic.
ArgentinaView entry →
Invernáculo du Jardin botanique de Montevideo, Montevideo
≈1920 · restored 2023

Invernáculo du Jardin botanique de Montevideo

🇺🇾 Montevideo
A greenhouse from France crossed the Atlantic to bloom for a century on the banks of the Río de la Plata.
UruguayView entry →
Orchid House, Institute of Botany, São Paulo
1928

Orchid House, Institute of Botany

🇧🇷 São Paulo
Some 18,000 pots of orchids held as a scientific collection, including many threatened Brazilian species.
BrazilView entry →
Orchid House, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro

Orchid House, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden

🇧🇷 Rio de Janeiro
A micro-orchid section comes with magnifying glasses, so visitors can see flowers barely two millimetres across.
BrazilView entry →
Quinta Normal Glasshouse, Santiago
1865

Quinta Normal Glasshouse

🇨🇱 Santiago
Once the glasshouse of railway magnate Henry Meiggs, now a national monument left derelict behind its railings.
ChileView entry →
Tropicario du Jardin botanique de Bogotá, Bogotá
2021

Tropicario du Jardin botanique de Bogotá

🇨🇴 Bogotá
This circuit of greenhouses was built on a platform designed as an artificial wetland, in tribute to the vanished marshes of the Bogotá savanna.
ColombiaView entry →
Quito Botanical Garden Orquideario, Quito, Pichincha
1995

Quito Botanical Garden Orquideario

🇪🇨 Quito, Pichincha
Two orchid houses, one warm and one cool, built on the former municipal nursery of La Carolina park with a private donation.
EcuadorView entry →
Dr. Frederico Carlos Hoehne Greenhouses (São Paulo Botanical Garden), São Paulo, State of São Paulo
1928–1929

Dr. Frederico Carlos Hoehne Greenhouses (São Paulo Botanical Garden)

🇧🇷 São Paulo, State of São Paulo
Twin greenhouses with an iron frame from England, at the very origin of the São Paulo Botanical Garden, one devoted to the Atlantic Forest.
BrazilView entry →
Africa (6)
Botanical Society Conservatory (Kirstenbosch), Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town
Not precisely documented

Botanical Society Conservatory (Kirstenbosch)

🇿🇦 Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town
Nine biomes of southern Africa, from the arid Namib to coastal fynbos, brought together under one glass roof.
South AfricaView entry →
Jardin d'Essai du Hamma, Algiers
Founded in 1832

Jardin d'Essai du Hamma

🇩🇿 Algiers
Served as a filming location for 'Tarzan the Ape Man' in 1932.
AlgeriaView entry →
2025

Tropical Display House

🇿🇦 Durban
Opened in October 2025, this tropical house took over from the historic Ernest Thorp Orchid House, closed after the 2022 floods.
South AfricaView entry →
1882

Pearson Conservatory (St George's Park)

🇿🇦 Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), Eastern Cape
A Scottish-made Victorian conservatory shipped in kit form to the Eastern Cape, its cast iron original but its timber replaced in the 2009-2011 rebuild.
South AfricaView entry →
Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden Glasshouses, Stellenbosch, Western Cape
Garden 1922 · tropical house 1920s

Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden Glasshouses

🇿🇦 Stellenbosch, Western Cape
A Welwitschia sown in 1926 by the first curator still grows in its original spot, in an arid house that has since been rebuilt twice.
South AfricaView entry →
1868–1871

Historic Greenhouses of the Zohria Garden (Hadiqat al-Zohriya)

🇪🇬 Zamalek, Cairo
Created in 1868 by Khedive Ismail, this acclimatisation garden keeps old iron-and-glass greenhouses in the heart of Zamalek.
EgyptView entry →
Asia (53)
2015

Bayan Botanical Garden

🇰🇼 Bayan Palace, Kuwait City
A tropical jungle under glass within the Emir's palace grounds, even as temperatures outside reach 53°C.
KuwaitView entry →
2015

Butterfly Pavilion, Noor Island

🇦🇪 Noor Island, Sharjah
Four thousand gilded aluminum petals form the cocoon beneath which five hundred tropical butterflies flutter, facing Sharjah's waterfront.
United Arab EmiratesView entry →
Dubai Butterfly Garden, Dubai
2015

Dubai Butterfly Garden

🇦🇪 Dubai
Over 15,000 butterflies under climate-controlled domes in the middle of the desert.
United Arab EmiratesView entry →
Flower Dome & Cloud Forest, Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
2012

Flower Dome & Cloud Forest

🇸🇬 Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
Guinness World Record holder for the largest column-free glasshouse.
SingaporeView entry →
Forsgate Conservatory, Hong Kong
1991

Forsgate Conservatory

🇭🇰 Hong Kong
Three climates under glass nestled among the skyscrapers of Central.
China (Hong Kong)View entry →
Glass House de Lalbagh, Bangalore
1889–1891

Glass House de Lalbagh

🇮🇳 Bangalore
Stage for two major flower shows every year since 1892.
IndiaView entry →
Glass House, Government Botanical Garden, Ooty (Udhagamandalam), Tamil Nadu
1912

Glass House, Government Botanical Garden

🇮🇳 Ooty (Udhagamandalam), Tamil Nadu
Since 1848, Ooty's botanical gardens have grown flowers imported from an empire under glass, at 2,200 meters above sea level in the Nilgiris.
IndiaView entry →
1999

Glass House, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden

🇹🇭 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai
Thailand's first botanical garden built to international standards, nestled in the mountain foothills north of Chiang Mai.
ThailandView entry →
Grande Serre du Jardin botanique national de Chine, Haidian, Beijing
2000

Grande Serre du Jardin botanique national de Chine

🇨🇳 Haidian, Beijing
In 1999, the largest greenhouse in Asia at the time opened at the foot of the Fragrant Hills, under a roof conceived as the leaves' memory of their roots.
ChinaView entry →
Grand Greenhouse, Kunming World Horti-Expo Garden, Kunming
1999

Grand Greenhouse, Kunming World Horti-Expo Garden

🇨🇳 Kunming
A living remnant of the 1999 Horticultural Expo, four climates aligned along the park's monumental axis.
ChinaView entry →
Jardin botanique de collection de Taipei, Taipei

Jardin botanique de collection de Taipei

🇹🇼 Taipei
A flower-expo pavilion converted into Taiwan's most biodiverse greenhouse per square meter.
TaiwanView entry →
Jindai Botanical Gardens Greenhouse, Chofu (Tokyo)
1984

Jindai Botanical Gardens Greenhouse

🇯🇵 Chofu (Tokyo)
A large tropical glasshouse in western Tokyo, extended in 2016, with its room of tropical water lilies.
JapanView entry →
Konya Tropikal Kelebek Bahçesi, Selçuklu, Konya
2015

Konya Tropikal Kelebek Bahçesi

🇹🇷 Selçuklu, Konya
A butterfly-shaped glass roof shelters Turkey's largest tropical aviary in the heart of Anatolia.
TurkeyView entry →
Lloyd Botanical Garden Conservatory & Orchidarium, Darjeeling

Lloyd Botanical Garden Conservatory & Orchidarium

🇮🇳 Darjeeling
An orchidarium of 2,500 Himalayan orchids, in the highest botanical garden in West Bengal.
IndiaView entry →
2007–2025

Oman Botanic Garden

🇴🇲 Al Khoud, near Muscat
Two glass arches spanning 75 meters recreate Oman's mountains at full scale, in the middle of the desert.
OmanView entry →
Rumah Kaca Anggrek Soedjana Kassan, Bogor
2021 · inaugurated 2023

Rumah Kaca Anggrek Soedjana Kassan

🇮🇩 Bogor
The new orchid house of the garden where Sukarno gave Kim Il-sung the orchid that became the Kimilsungia.
IndonesiaView entry →
1969

Greenhouse, Main Botanical Garden of Almaty

🇰🇿 Almaty
Cycads 80 to 90 years old and a palm house inherited from the Soviet era, at the foot of the Tian Shan.
KazakhstanView entry →
Serre du Seoul Botanic Park, Seoul (Gangseo-gu, Magok)
2018–2019

Serre du Seoul Botanic Park

🇰🇷 Seoul (Gangseo-gu, Magok)
An inverted glass saucer 100 meters across, where Seoul recreates the tropics and the Mediterranean under one roof.
South KoreaView entry →
Serre du jardin botanique de Higashiyama, Nagoya
1936–1937

Serre du jardin botanique de Higashiyama

🇯🇵 Nagoya
The oldest greenhouse still standing in Japan, nicknamed the 'Crystal Palace of the Orient.'
JapanView entry →
Serre du jardin botanique de Kyoto, Kyoto
1992

Serre du jardin botanique de Kyoto

🇯🇵 Kyoto
A glass silhouette designed to echo the nearby Kinkaku-ji.
JapanView entry →
Tropical Conservatory, Jerusalem Botanical Gardens, Givat Ram, Jerusalem
1986 · renovated 2019

Tropical Conservatory, Jerusalem Botanical Gardens

🇮🇱 Givat Ram, Jerusalem
A single gardener tends the mini rainforest growing, almost secretly, at the heart of Jerusalem.
IsraelView entry →
Tropical Rainforest Greenhouse, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung
1999

Tropical Rainforest Greenhouse, National Museum of Natural Science

🇹🇼 Taichung
A 31-meter-high glass-and-steel bubble planted in the middle of the city, growing a jungle under a dome.
TaiwanView entry →
Serres du Jardin botanique national de Chine du Sud, Guangzhou
2008

Serres du Jardin botanique national de Chine du Sud

🇨🇳 Guangzhou
Five of the world's climates recreated in one of Asia's largest landscaped greenhouse complexes.
ChinaView entry →
Serres du jardin botanique de Chenshan, Shanghai
2010

Serres du jardin botanique de Chenshan

🇨🇳 Shanghai
A ring of glass built around a former quarry.
ChinaView entry →
Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon (Gwangneung Forest)
2008

Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses, Korea National Arboretum

🇰🇷 Pocheon (Gwangneung Forest)
A glass pyramid nestled within a forest designated a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
South KoreaView entry →
Tashkent Botanical Garden Greenhouse, Tashkent

Tashkent Botanical Garden Greenhouse

🇺🇿 Tashkent
With no working shading system, staff had to paint the glass with clay to protect tropical plants from the Central Asian sun.
UzbekistanView entry →
The Green Planet, City Walk, Dubai
2016

The Green Planet

🇦🇪 City Walk, Dubai
An origami-shaped glass cube in the heart of City Walk encloses a rainforest built around the largest artificial tree of its kind.
United Arab EmiratesView entry →
The Orchard, Hamad International Airport, Doha
2022

The Orchard

🇶🇦 Hamad International Airport, Doha
At Doha's terminal, a steel grid shell suspends an entire rainforest above travelers in transit.
QatarView entry →
Tropical Montane Orchidetum (Cool House), Singapore
2021

Tropical Montane Orchidetum (Cool House)

🇸🇬 Singapore
A tropical mountain microclimate maintained at 16-23°C, right in equatorial Singapore.
SingaporeView entry →
Yeomiji Botanical Garden, Seogwipo (Jeju)
1989

Yeomiji Botanical Garden

🇰🇷 Seogwipo (Jeju)
A giant sunflower-shaped glasshouse gathers six themed gardens under one glass roof, at the heart of the Jungmun resort complex.
South KoreaView entry →
Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome, Kōtō, Tokyo
1988

Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome

🇯🇵 Kōtō, Tokyo
On a former landfill in Tokyo Bay, three glass domes heated by waste heat from a nearby incineration plant.
JapanView entry →
Shinjuku Gyoen Large Greenhouse (新宿御苑大温室), Shinjuku, Tokyo
2012 (rebuilding of a 1958 greenhouse)

Shinjuku Gyoen Large Greenhouse (新宿御苑大温室)

🇯🇵 Shinjuku, Tokyo
Rebuilt in 2012 after five and a half years of closure, it is cooled in summer partly by underground air tubes rather than by air conditioning alone.
JapanView entry →
1909

Daeonsil, Great Greenhouse of Changgyeonggung Palace (창경궁 대온실)

🇰🇷 Seoul (Jongno-gu)
Korea's first Western-style glasshouse, designed in 1907 by the Japanese horticulturist Fukuba Hayato and erected by a French company.
South KoreaView entry →
Ecorium, National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원 에코리움), Seocheon (South Chungcheong)
2013

Ecorium, National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원 에코리움)

🇰🇷 Seocheon (South Chungcheong)
Five curving glasshouses modelled on the oxbow lakes of a meandering river, leading from rainforest to desert and Antarctic penguins.
South KoreaView entry →
Four Seasons Exhibition Greenhouse, Sejong National Arboretum (국립세종수목원 사계절전시온실), Sejong
2020

Four Seasons Exhibition Greenhouse, Sejong National Arboretum (국립세종수목원 사계절전시온실)

🇰🇷 Sejong
Three glasshouses laid out like the three petals of an iris, from an Alhambra-inspired Mediterranean garden to a tropical mangrove.
South KoreaView entry →
Shanghai Greenhouse Garden, Expo Culture Park (世博文化公园温室花园), Shanghai (Pudong)
2024

Shanghai Greenhouse Garden, Expo Culture Park (世博文化公园温室花园)

🇨🇳 Shanghai (Pudong)
Billed as Asia's largest glass greenhouse garden, it keeps 1918 steel roof trusses from the former Shanghai No. 3 Steel Works.
ChinaView entry →
2001

Exhibition Greenhouse, Shanghai Botanical Garden (上海植物园展览温室)

🇨🇳 Shanghai (Xuhui)
A 32-metre glass pyramid where man-made mountains, canyons and waterfalls frame more than 3,500 tropical species.
ChinaView entry →
1985

Exhibition Greenhouse, Seoul Grand Park Botanical Garden (서울대공원 식물원 전시온실)

🇰🇷 Gwacheon (Gyeonggi)
Heir to the botanical garden set up in 1909 at Changgyeonggung Palace, this 25-metre greenhouse of 1985 holds five climate halls.
South KoreaView entry →
2007

Tropical Plant Palace, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden (南京中山植物园热带植物宫)

🇨🇳 Nanjing (Jiangsu)
Three glass leaves that seem to rise from Qianhu Lake at the foot of Zijin Mountain shelter more than 2,000 plant species.
ChinaView entry →
1966 and 1974

Tropical House and glasshouses, National Botanic Garden of Nepal

🇳🇵 Godawari, Lalitpur District
A garden inspired by a royal visit to Edinburgh, whose Special Garden glasshouses were built by a Kew horticulturist in 1966.
NepalView entry →
2014 · conservatory opened 2022

Kebun Raya Cibodas greenhouses (Nepenthes House and Conservatory)

🇮🇩 Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java
A mountain greenhouse devoted to carnivorous plants: 80 Nepenthes species, opened for the garden's 162nd anniversary in 2014.
IndonesiaView entry →
Large Palm House and Cactus House, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal
Mid-19th century · Cactus House: 1987

Large Palm House and Cactus House, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden

🇮🇳 Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal
Beneath the iron dome grows a double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica), a Seychelles palm planted here in 1894.
IndiaView entry →
Orchid House and plant houses, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy District, Central Province

Orchid House and plant houses, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya

🇱🇰 Peradeniya, Kandy District, Central Province
Here flowers Grammatophyllum speciosum, the world's largest orchid, whose flower spikes reach 2.5 m.
Sri LankaView entry →
Rumah Kaca Kaktus (Cactus Greenhouse), Bali Botanic Garden, Bedugul, Tabanan, Bali
Reopened 2023

Rumah Kaca Kaktus (Cactus Greenhouse), Bali Botanic Garden

🇮🇩 Bedugul, Tabanan, Bali
At 1,300 m in the damp air of Bedugul, a 500 m² greenhouse shelters 98 species of cacti and succulents.
IndonesiaView entry →
Sakuya Konohana Kan (咲くやこの花館), Tsurumi-ku, Osaka
1990

Sakuya Konohana Kan (咲くやこの花館)

🇯🇵 Tsurumi-ku, Osaka
Built as the City of Osaka's pavilion for Expo '90, it is billed by its operators as the largest greenhouse in Japan.
JapanView entry →
Awaji Green Kan (あわじグリーン館), Awaji Yumebutai Greenhouse, Awaji, Hyōgo Prefecture
2000

Awaji Green Kan (あわじグリーン館), Awaji Yumebutai Greenhouse

🇯🇵 Awaji, Hyōgo Prefecture
Designed by Tadao Ando on a hill whose earth was used to build Kansai airport, it is Japan's second-largest greenhouse.
JapanView entry →
1998

Tropical Plant Dome, Niigata Prefectural Botanical Garden (熱帯植物ドーム)

🇯🇵 Akiha-ku, Niigata
At 30 m high and 42 m across, its tropical dome ranks among the largest dome-shaped greenhouses in Japan.
JapanView entry →
Tropical Dream Center (熱帯ドリームセンター), Motobu, Okinawa Prefecture
1986

Tropical Dream Center (熱帯ドリームセンター)

🇯🇵 Motobu, Okinawa Prefecture
More than 2,000 orchids are on permanent display beneath a 36 m lookout tower facing the East China Sea.
JapanView entry →
1958

Atagawa Tropical & Alligator Garden (熱川バナナワニ園)

🇯🇵 Higashi-Izu, Shizuoka Prefecture
Since 1958, steam from Atagawa's near-boiling hot springs has heated greenhouses growing more than twenty kinds of banana.
JapanView entry →
Tsukuba Botanical Garden Greenhouses (筑波実験植物園), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture

Tsukuba Botanical Garden Greenhouses (筑波実験植物園)

🇯🇵 Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture
In 2023 the garden achieved, by hand pollination, the first fruiting in Japan of the titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum).
JapanView entry →
1980

Fukuoka City Botanical Garden Greenhouse (福岡市植物園)

🇯🇵 Chūō-ku, Fukuoka
In the large greenhouse, an upper floor looks down on a tropical forest where papaya, mango and coffee ripen.
JapanView entry →
Siberian Botanical Garden Orangeries, Tomsk State University, Tomsk
1971–1973; 1985–1988

Siberian Botanical Garden Orangeries, Tomsk State University

🇷🇺 Tomsk
Its 31-metre central orangery ranks among the tallest in the world, and plants that arrived in 1885 are still alive inside.
RussiaView entry →
Tropical Greenhouse, Isfahan Flower Garden (Bagh-e Golha), Isfahan, Isfahan Province
2020–2021

Tropical Greenhouse, Isfahan Flower Garden (Bagh-e Golha)

🇮🇷 Isfahan, Isfahan Province
A geodesic dome 20 m high where pineapple, mango, cacao and vanilla grow in the heart of Isfahan.
IranView entry →
Oceania (17)
Auckland Domain Wintergardens, Auckland
1921–1928

Auckland Domain Wintergardens

🇳🇿 Auckland
Funded by the proceeds of an exhibition, a century before their restoration.
New ZealandView entry →
Bicentennial Conservatory, Adelaide Botanic Garden
1989

Bicentennial Conservatory

🇦🇺 Adelaide Botanic Garden
The largest single-span glasshouse in the entire Southern Hemisphere.
AustraliaView entry →
Butterfly House, Melbourne Zoo, Parkville
1985

Butterfly House

🇦🇺 Melbourne Zoo, Parkville
At Melbourne Zoo, a free-flight butterfly house opened on December 11, 1985.
AustraliaView entry →
Cuningham House, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, Christchurch
1923–1924

Cuningham House

🇳🇿 Christchurch Botanic Gardens, Christchurch
Described at its opening as "the finest building of its kind in Australia and New Zealand."
New ZealandView entry →
Fitzroy Gardens Conservatory, Melbourne, Victoria
1930

Fitzroy Gardens Conservatory

🇦🇺 Melbourne, Victoria
A greenhouse built during the Great Depression to bring a touch of color to a city in crisis.
AustraliaView entry →
John Hart Conservatory, City Park, Launceston, Tasmania
1932

John Hart Conservatory

🇦🇺 City Park, Launceston, Tasmania
A small Art Deco greenhouse tucked into Launceston's historic park, alongside its famous Japanese macaques
AustraliaView entry →
Lady Norwood Begonia House, Wellington Botanic Garden, Wellington
1960

Lady Norwood Begonia House

🇳🇿 Wellington Botanic Garden, Wellington
Hailed as the largest greenhouse in the entire Southern Hemisphere when it opened, it is now fighting for its survival.
New ZealandView entry →
Palm House, Adelaide Botanic Garden, Adelaide
1877

Palm House

🇦🇺 Adelaide Botanic Garden, Adelaide
Prefabricated German Victorian greenhouse from Bremen, the only known surviving example of its kind
AustraliaView entry →
Pukekura Park Fernery, New Plymouth
1928

Pukekura Park Fernery

🇳🇿 New Plymouth
Building this fernery required hand-excavating roughly 3,000 m³ of earth from former swampland.
New ZealandView entry →
Pyramid Glasshouse (Tropical Centre), Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
1970–1971

Pyramid Glasshouse (Tropical Centre)

🇦🇺 Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
The vanished glass pyramid that preceded The Calyx at Sydney's botanic gardens
AustraliaView entry →
Robert Clark Conservatory, Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Ballarat, Victoria
1995

Robert Clark Conservatory

🇦🇺 Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Ballarat, Victoria
The third glasshouse on the site, and the first to let visitors walk among the flowerbeds rather than view them from a distance.
AustraliaView entry →
The Calyx, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, New South Wales
2016

The Calyx

🇦🇺 Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, New South Wales
A 21st-century conservatory designed as a camera trained on the garden rather than a mere glass shelter.
AustraliaView entry →
Tropical Display Dome, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Queensland
1977

Tropical Display Dome

🇦🇺 Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Queensland
A geodesic dome planted on the heights of Brisbane to grow a jungle in the middle of the city.
AustraliaView entry →
Winter Garden Glasshouse, Dunedin Botanic Garden, Dunedin
1907–1908

Winter Garden Glasshouse

🇳🇿 Dunedin Botanic Garden, Dunedin
The very first winter garden built in Australasia, entirely funded by a local benefactor.
New ZealandView entry →
Rosalind Park Conservatory, Bendigo, Victoria
1897

Rosalind Park Conservatory

🇦🇺 Bendigo, Victoria
Bendigo's first prefabricated building, this 1897 cast-iron conservatory is the only nineteenth-century conservatory left standing in a public park in Victoria.
AustraliaView entry →
The Conservatory, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, Tasmania
1939

The Conservatory, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens

🇦🇺 Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, Tasmania
Its walls reuse sandstone from Hobart's old hospital, demolished in 1939, and its doors were salvaged from a city jeweller's shop.
AustraliaView entry →
1936

Begonia House, Machattie Park

🇦🇺 Machattie Park, Bathurst, New South Wales
Every year from February to April, some 300 tuberous begonias rise in tiers along the L-shaped stands of this 1936 glasshouse.
AustraliaView entry →

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