VERRIÈRE
Country

Greenhouses to visit in the United States

The Verrière atlas lists 166 greenhouses in the United States, built between 1804 and 2024.

No country is better represented in the atlas. Most of America's great conservatories were born around 1900, often given to a city by an industrialist — Pittsburgh's Phipps bears its donor's name — and modelled on English precedents, from the Crystal Palace to Kew's palm houses. The 1960s then turned the United States into a laboratory of botanical modernism, with St. Louis's Climatron, the first geodesic dome used as a botanical greenhouse, and Milwaukee's Domes. Today's generation, from Longwood Gardens to Richmond, expands and modernises rather than replaces.

166Greenhouses
1804Oldest — Lyman Estate Greenhouses (The Vale)
2024Newest — Longwood Gardens West Conservatory
138Cities
See them on the globe →

New York (16)

Weir Greenhouse (Green-House at Green-Wood), Brooklyn, New York
1895

Weir Greenhouse (Green-House at Green-Wood)

🇺🇸 Brooklyn, New York
A Victorian commercial greenhouse facing the Gothic gateway of Green-Wood Cemetery.
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Enid A. Haupt Conservatory, Bronx, New York
1899–1902

Enid A. Haupt Conservatory

🇺🇸 Bronx, New York
Saved from demolition by a single philanthropic gift.
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Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens Conservatory, Buffalo, New York
1900

Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Buffalo, New York
An extremely rare Victorian tri-domed conservatory by Lord & Burnham, set in the heart of South Park.
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Sonnenberg Gardens Greenhouses (Palm House and Lord & Burnham complex), Canandaigua, New York
1903–1915

Sonnenberg Gardens Greenhouses (Palm House and Lord & Burnham complex)

🇺🇸 Canandaigua, New York
One of the few Lord & Burnham complexes left intact in the United States: twelve structures around a hollow square, with a domed palm house.
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Martin House Conservatory (Darwin D. Martin House Complex), Buffalo, New York
1904 · 2007

Martin House Conservatory (Darwin D. Martin House Complex)

🇺🇸 Buffalo, New York
A conservatory drawn by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1904, demolished in the early 1960s and rebuilt on its original footprint.
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Marco Polo Stufano Conservatory (Wave Hill), Bronx, New York
1906–1907

Marco Polo Stufano Conservatory (Wave Hill)

🇺🇸 Bronx, New York
Built in 1906 for the financier George W. Perkins, the glasshouse was rebuilt in 1969, keeping only its original portico.
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Lamberton Conservatory (Highland Park), Rochester, New York
1911

Lamberton Conservatory (Highland Park)

🇺🇸 Rochester, New York
Taken down to its foundations in 2007, the 1911 conservatory was rebuilt as an exact replica, reusing its cypress gutters.
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Planting Fields Arboretum Greenhouses (Camellia Greenhouse and Main Greenhouse), Oyster Bay, New York
1914–1929

Planting Fields Arboretum Greenhouses (Camellia Greenhouse and Main Greenhouse)

🇺🇸 Oyster Bay, New York
A glasshouse built in 1917 for a camellia collection from Guernsey, including six Camellia reticulata never before grown in the United States.
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1929–1934

Greenhouse Complex, Queens County Farm Museum

🇺🇸 Glen Oaks, Queens, New York
Three wood-framed greenhouses built from 1929 to 1934 on the Creedmoor hospital farm, now the welcome centre and shop of a farm museum.
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1931 · 2016

Liberty Hyde Bailey Conservatory (Cornell University)

🇺🇸 Ithaca, New York
The glasshouse Liberty Hyde Bailey had built in 1931 for his palms, closed in 2010 over falling glass, rebuilt and reopened in 2016.
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Atrium Garden, Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice, Turtle Bay, Manhattan, New York
1967

Atrium Garden, Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice

🇺🇸 Turtle Bay, Manhattan, New York
The first large interior atrium garden in the United States: a terraced garden by Dan Kiley beneath a sawtooth glass ceiling, since 1967.
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1985

JungleWorld

🇺🇸 Bronx Zoo, New York
Partly funded by a zoo patron, a barless Asian “jungle” opened in the Bronx in 1985.
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Steinhardt Conservatory, Brooklyn, New York
1988

Steinhardt Conservatory

🇺🇸 Brooklyn, New York
Three octagonal glass pavilions and a 75-metre wing replaced Brooklyn Botanic Garden's ageing wooden greenhouses in 1988.
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Winter Garden Atrium (Brookfield Place), Battery Park City, Manhattan, New York
1988

Winter Garden Atrium (Brookfield Place)

🇺🇸 Battery Park City, Manhattan, New York
Sixteen living Washingtonia robusta palms stand under a 37 m glass vault in the middle of a Lower Manhattan office and retail complex.
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M&T Bank Rainforest Falls (Buffalo Zoo), Buffalo, New York
2008

M&T Bank Rainforest Falls (Buffalo Zoo)

🇺🇸 Buffalo, New York
A Venezuelan rainforest hall under a roof of inflated ETFE cushions, described in 2008 as a first for a US zoo.
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The Mohonk Greenhouse (Mohonk Mountain House)

🇺🇸 New Paltz, New York
The working greenhouse of a Victorian hotel on the Shawangunk Ridge, where visitors meet the gardeners who prepare the Victorian Show Garden.
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Illinois (10)

Lincoln Park Conservatory, Chicago, Illinois
1890–1895

Lincoln Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois
Its fiddle-leaf rubber tree, planted in 1891, still rises beneath the glass roof today.
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Wilder Park Conservatory, Elmhurst, Illinois
1923

Wilder Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Elmhurst, Illinois
The Elmhurst Park District's first capital project, added in 1923 to a greenhouse Seth Wadhams had built on his estate in the 1860s.
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Oak Park Conservatory, Oak Park, Illinois
1929

Oak Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Oak Park, Illinois
An Edwardian-style glasshouse of 1929, saved from demolition in 1970 by residents who did not want to see it become a parking lot.
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1940 · 1950

Plant Biology Greenhouse and Conservatory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

🇺🇸 Carbondale, Illinois
An E-shaped university glasshouse on a brick base, holding tropical, desert and fern houses and plants almost 75 years old in 2015.
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1971 · 2026

Washington Park Botanical Garden Conservatory Dome

🇺🇸 Springfield, Illinois
A 50-foot dome built in 1971 and rebuilt on the same footprint in 2026 shelters tropical plants in the middle of Illinois.
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Plant Biology Conservatory (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Urbana, Illinois
1988–1991

Plant Biology Conservatory (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)

🇺🇸 Urbana, Illinois
A 2,000-square-foot tropical conservatory under a glass roof 37 feet tall, open free on weekdays on an Illinois campus.
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1998

Sun Garden (Quad City Botanical Center)

🇺🇸 Rock Island, Illinois
A 70-foot tropical atrium where a waterfall, a stream and a koi pond keep the air humid for the plants.
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Nicholas Conservatory & Gardens, Rockford, Illinois
2011

Nicholas Conservatory & Gardens

🇺🇸 Rockford, Illinois
A park district's centennial gift to its city, this LEED Gold conservatory on the Rock River is the third-largest in Illinois.
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The Greenhouses, Chicago Botanic Garden (Regenstein Center), Glencoe, Illinois

The Greenhouses, Chicago Botanic Garden (Regenstein Center)

🇺🇸 Glencoe, Illinois
Three glasshouses, tropical, semitropical and arid, hold over 1,000 taxa within the Regenstein Center in Glencoe.
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Tropical Conservatory, Luthy Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 Peoria, Illinois
A 230 m² tropical conservatory at the heart of a five-acre garden open since 1951, with its chrysanthemum and poinsettia shows.
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California (9)

Botanical Building, Balboa Park (lath house), San Diego, California
1914–1915

Botanical Building, Balboa Park (lath house)

🇺🇸 San Diego, California
One of the largest lath structures in the world, built for the 1915 Panama-California Exposition and reopened in 2024 after a three-year restoration.
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1959

UC Davis Botanical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Davis, California
Begun in 1959 as a teaching collection of coleus, a university greenhouse that now holds more than 4,000 plant species.
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Desert Garden Conservatory, The Huntington, San Marino, California
1985

Desert Garden Conservatory, The Huntington

🇺🇸 San Marino, California
More than 2,200 cacti and succulents of 1,261 species and subspecies, sheltered at the heart of The Huntington's Desert Garden.
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1992

Hidden Jungle (San Diego Zoo Safari Park)

🇺🇸 San Pasqual Valley, San Diego, California
A tropical greenhouse aviary opened in 1992, now Hidden Jungle, turned every spring into Butterfly Jungle with thousands of butterflies.
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Rose Hills Foundation Conservatory for Botanical Science (The Huntington), San Marino, California
2005

Rose Hills Foundation Conservatory for Botanical Science (The Huntington)

🇺🇸 San Marino, California
A glass rotunda 96 feet across, modelled on the estate's early lath house and built to teach botany with more than 700 tropical plants.
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Osher Rainforest (California Academy of Sciences), San Francisco, California
2008

Osher Rainforest (California Academy of Sciences)

🇺🇸 San Francisco, California
Beneath the living roof of Renzo Piano's museum, a 27-metre glass sphere holds a tropical rainforest rising through four levels.
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Dickinson Family Education Conservatory (San Diego Botanic Garden), Encinitas, California
2019

Dickinson Family Education Conservatory (San Diego Botanic Garden)

🇺🇸 Encinitas, California
An 8,232-square-foot Belgian-built glasshouse where six epiphyte-laden plant chandeliers rise and fall above a Wollemi pine.
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2023

Cal Poly Plant Conservatory

🇺🇸 San Luis Obispo, California
Warm tropics, cloud forest and desert under 230 m² of glass: three climate houses open to visitors on a California campus.
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Virginia Haldan Tropical House (University of California Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Berkeley, California
Reskinned in 2020 and replanted to a design by Ron Lutsko, it is described by the garden as the East Bay's only public tropical glass house.
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Ohio (9)

Franklin Park Conservatory (John F. Wolfe Palm House), Columbus, Ohio
1895

Franklin Park Conservatory (John F. Wolfe Palm House)

🇺🇸 Columbus, Ohio
The only public botanical garden in the world with a signature permanent collection of Dale Chihuly glass.
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Ziems Conservatory (Toledo Zoo & Aquarium), Toledo, Ohio
1904 · 2025

Ziems Conservatory (Toledo Zoo & Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Toledo, Ohio
A glass conservatory from 1904, one of the oldest buildings at the Toledo Zoo, turned in 2025 into two desert biomes full of lizards.
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Rockefeller Park Greenhouse, Cleveland, Ohio
1905 · 1939

Rockefeller Park Greenhouse

🇺🇸 Cleveland, Ohio
Six 30-foot royal palms from the Florida exhibit of the 1936-37 Great Lakes Exposition were replanted in its Palm House.
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1915 · 2005

Corbin Conservatory (Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens)

🇺🇸 Akron, Ohio
The Seiberling estate's glasshouse, damaged by a windstorm in 1947, was rebuilt to the original plans in 2005.
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Krohn Conservatory, Cincinnati, Ohio
1933

Krohn Conservatory

🇺🇸 Cincinnati, Ohio
An Art Deco cathedral of glass nestled in Eden Park, with its indoor tropical waterfall.
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1999

Manatee Springs greenhouse (Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Cincinnati, Ohio
A 10.7 m-tall greenhouse opened in 1999 that re-creates Florida's tropical hammocks, freshwater swamps and mangroves under insulated glazing.
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Eleanor Armstrong Smith Glasshouse (Cleveland Botanical Garden), Cleveland, Ohio
2003

Eleanor Armstrong Smith Glasshouse (Cleveland Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Cleveland, Ohio
A glasshouse shaped after quartz-crystal geometry, holding a Costa Rican cloud forest and Madagascar's spiny desert side by side.
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2004–2006

The Conservatory at Miami Hamilton (Miami University Hamilton)

🇺🇸 Hamilton, Ohio
A free university conservatory with an all-aluminium structure, a hipped-roof atrium and about 1,100 plants from more than 100 families.
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Display Greenhouse, Kingwood Center Gardens

🇺🇸 Mansfield, Ohio
A display glasshouse that began in the service area of a 1926 estate, was enlarged around 1965 and is transformed each winter by an orchid show.
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Massachusetts (7)

Lyman Estate Greenhouses (The Vale), Waltham, Massachusetts
1804

Lyman Estate Greenhouses (The Vale)

🇺🇸 Waltham, Massachusetts
One of the oldest surviving greenhouse complexes in the United States: a grape house of 1804, a camellia house of about 1820 and vines from Hampton Court.
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Durfee Conservatory (University of Massachusetts Amherst), Amherst, Massachusetts
1867 · 1954

Durfee Conservatory (University of Massachusetts Amherst)

🇺🇸 Amherst, Massachusetts
Founded in 1867 on a 10,000-dollar gift and rebuilt in 1954 with one of the first all-metal-alloy conservatory frames.
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Lyman Plant House & Conservatory, Northampton, Massachusetts
1894–1895

Lyman Plant House & Conservatory

🇺🇸 Northampton, Massachusetts
Ten of the twelve houses making up the Lyman Conservatory are open to visitors; the other two are horticultural work spaces.
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Talcott Greenhouse (Mount Holyoke College), South Hadley, Massachusetts
1896–1899

Talcott Greenhouse (Mount Holyoke College)

🇺🇸 South Hadley, Massachusetts
Rebuilt after the fire of 1896 with James Talcott's backing, this Victorian glasshouse has served botany teaching for more than a century.
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Orangerie and Limonaia (New England Botanic Garden at Tower Hill), Boylston, Massachusetts
1999

Orangerie and Limonaia (New England Botanic Garden at Tower Hill)

🇺🇸 Boylston, Massachusetts
Steel catenary arches carry the glass roof of this 1999 orangery, designed as a cross between an 18th-century orangery and a modern conservatory.
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Magic Wings Butterfly Conservatory & Gardens, South Deerfield, Massachusetts
2000

Magic Wings Butterfly Conservatory & Gardens

🇺🇸 South Deerfield, Massachusetts
More than 4,000 butterflies of over 70 species fly year-round in a glass conservatory held at 78–80 °F in the Connecticut River valley.
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2019

Global Flora Conservatory (Margaret C. Ferguson Greenhouses, Wellesley College)

🇺🇸 Wellesley, Massachusetts
A net-zero-energy conservatory whose three biomes trade air and heat with one another beneath a roof of ETFE cushions.
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Michigan (7)

Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory, Detroit, Michigan
1904

Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory

🇺🇸 Detroit, Michigan
The dome, originally timber-framed, was rebuilt in steel and aluminium in 1949 and reglazed in a renovation completed in 2024.
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Ron Kagan Wildlife Interpretive Gallery (Butterfly Garden and Free-Flight Aviary), Detroit Zoo, Royal Oak, Michigan
1926 · 1995

Ron Kagan Wildlife Interpretive Gallery (Butterfly Garden and Free-Flight Aviary), Detroit Zoo

🇺🇸 Royal Oak, Michigan
The Detroit Zoo's former Bird House, crowned by a glass dome, now holds a butterfly garden and a tropical free-flight aviary.
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Matthaei Botanical Gardens Conservatory, Ann Arbor, Michigan
1964

Matthaei Botanical Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Designed by Alden B. Dow, this campus conservatory is believed to be the largest university-run display greenhouse in the United States.
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Hidden Lake Gardens Conservatory (Michigan State University), Tipton, Michigan
1968

Hidden Lake Gardens Conservatory (Michigan State University)

🇺🇸 Tipton, Michigan
On the estate Harry Fee gave to Michigan State University in 1945, three glasshouses of 1968 bring together tropics, desert and seasonal blooms.
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Dow Gardens Conservatory, Midland, Michigan
1975–1976

Dow Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Midland, Michigan
A low glass pyramid by architect Alden B. Dow, set in the gardens begun by his father, the founder of Dow Chemical.
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Lena Meijer Tropical Conservatory, Grand Rapids, Michigan
1995

Lena Meijer Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Grand Rapids, Michigan
When it opened in 1995 it was billed as the largest tropical conservatory in Michigan.
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Kay Boydston Fern House, Fernwood Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 Niles, Michigan
A fern greenhouse of about 93 m² with a glazed roof, named after Kay Boydston, in Niles, Michigan.
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Texas (7)

Rosine Smith Sammons Butterfly House and Insectarium (Texas Discovery Gardens), Dallas, Texas
1936 · 2009

Rosine Smith Sammons Butterfly House and Insectarium (Texas Discovery Gardens)

🇺🇸 Dallas, Texas
Its 1936 Garden Room is billed as the first public conservatory in the American Southwest; tropical butterflies now fly inside.
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1986

Rainforest Conservatory (Fort Worth Botanic Garden)

🇺🇸 Fort Worth, Texas
Closed in 2016, this 1986 tropical conservatory reopened in 2019 once a hundred panes of glass had been replaced and its misting overhauled.
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Lucile Halsell Conservatory, San Antonio Botanical Garden, San Antonio, Texas
1988

Lucile Halsell Conservatory, San Antonio Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 San Antonio, Texas
A largely underground glasshouse from which only the glazed peaks emerge, and the first completed building by the architect Emilio Ambasz.
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Rainforest Pyramid (Moody Gardens), Galveston, Texas
1993

Rainforest Pyramid (Moody Gardens)

🇺🇸 Galveston, Texas
At 43 metres high, it is recognised by Guinness World Records as the largest pyramid-shaped greenhouse.
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Cockrell Butterfly Center (Houston Museum of Natural Science), Houston, Texas
1994

Cockrell Butterfly Center (Houston Museum of Natural Science)

🇺🇸 Houston, Texas
A 75-foot glass cone engineered to withstand Category 5 hurricane winds while sheltering some 1,500 free-flying butterflies.
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Mary E. Bivins Tropical Conservatory (Amarillo Botanical Gardens), Amarillo, Texas
2003–2006

Mary E. Bivins Tropical Conservatory (Amarillo Botanical Gardens)

🇺🇸 Amarillo, Texas
A glass pyramid of about 6,000 sq ft housing a re-created tropical rain forest on the dry High Plains of Texas.
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Gaylord Texan Resort Atriums (Lone Star, Hill Country and Riverwalk), Grapevine, Texas
2004

Gaylord Texan Resort Atriums (Lone Star, Hill Country and Riverwalk)

🇺🇸 Grapevine, Texas
Four and a half acres of gardens, waterways and Texan façades under a steel-framed glass roof marked with a star, on the shore of Lake Grapevine.
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Washington (7)

W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory (Wright Park), Tacoma, Washington
1908

W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory (Wright Park)

🇺🇸 Tacoma, Washington
Paid for by a 10,000-dollar gift, it is one of only three Victorian-style conservatories on the American West Coast.
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Gaiser Conservatory (Manito Park), Spokane, Washington
1912 · 1988

Gaiser Conservatory (Manito Park)

🇺🇸 Spokane, Washington
Long used only to grow plants for the park, the Manito Park greenhouse opened to the public for Spokane's Expo '74.
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Volunteer Park Conservatory, Seattle, Washington
1912

Volunteer Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington
A small Victorian Crystal Palace shipped "in kit form" in 1912, still standing on Capitol Hill.
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1998

Tropical Butterfly House, Pacific Science Center

🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington
Under a skylight, about 1,100 butterflies fly among some 575 tropical plants inside Seattle's science museum.
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Rutherford Conservatory (Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden), Federal Way, Washington
2010

Rutherford Conservatory (Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Federal Way, Washington
Opened in 2010 for tropical rhododendrons (vireyas), it describes itself as the first public conservatory built on the West Coast in recent history.
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The Spheres (Amazon Spheres), Seattle, Washington
2018

The Spheres (Amazon Spheres)

🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington
At the foot of an office tower, three glass spheres hold more than 40,000 plants from the world's cloud forests.
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2018 · 2022

UW Biology Greenhouse (University of Washington)

🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington
A university greenhouse of some 3,000 species, running alongside the Burke-Gilman Trail and open to the public since December 2022.
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Indiana (6)

Garfield Park Conservatory & Sunken Garden, Indianapolis, Indiana
1954

Garfield Park Conservatory & Sunken Garden

🇺🇸 Indianapolis, Indiana
Rebuilt in 1954, this was the first conservatory in the United States to stand on an all-welded aluminium frame.
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Potawatomi Conservatories (Ella Morris and Muessel-Ellison Conservatories, Desert Dome), South Bend, Indiana
1963–1973

Potawatomi Conservatories (Ella Morris and Muessel-Ellison Conservatories, Desert Dome)

🇺🇸 South Bend, Indiana
Three glasshouses given to South Bend, including a 1973 desert dome, beside a 1920s Lord & Burnham growing range.
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Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory, Fort Wayne, Indiana
1983

Foellinger-Freimann Botanical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Fort Wayne, Indiana
More than 1,200 plants and 72 cactus varieties under glass, right in downtown Fort Wayne.
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1994

Jungle Dome Aviary (Asian Trek), Fort Wayne Zoo

🇺🇸 Fort Wayne, Indiana
A glass geodesic dome opened in 1994, where visitors walk under the trees among 50 to 60 birds, at 24-27 °C all year round.
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Hilbert Conservatory (White River Gardens, Indianapolis Zoo), Indianapolis, Indiana
1999

Hilbert Conservatory (White River Gardens, Indianapolis Zoo)

🇺🇸 Indianapolis, Indiana
With 65-foot ceilings, the Indianapolis Zoo's glass conservatory is being turned into an Amazon-style forest with sloths and macaws.
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2008

Amazonia, Mesker Park Zoo & Botanic Garden

🇺🇸 Evansville, Indiana
A South American rainforest of 20,000 square feet under a translucent roof, with jaguar, tapir, howler monkeys and February orchids.
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Missouri (6)

Linnean House, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri
1882

Linnean House, Missouri Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
The oldest continuously operating display greenhouse in the United States, devoted to camellias.
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1909 · 2009

Tropics (Kansas City Zoo & Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Swope Park, Kansas City, Missouri
The zoo's first building, raised in 1909 from park stone, has housed a tropical hall of plants, primates and birds since 2009.
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Jewel Box (Forest Park), St. Louis, Missouri
1936

Jewel Box (Forest Park)

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
An Art Deco greenhouse of 1936 whose stepped, vertical glass walls were designed to stand up better to Midwestern hailstorms.
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Climatron, St. Louis, Missouri
1960

Climatron

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
The world's first geodesic dome to serve as a botanical greenhouse.
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1997

Powell Gardens Conservatory (Visitor Education Center)

🇺🇸 Kingsville, Missouri
A glass-domed conservatory by Fay Jones, a disciple of Frank Lloyd Wright, turned each summer into a tropical forest full of butterflies.
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Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House (Missouri Botanical Garden), Chesterfield, Missouri
1998

Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House (Missouri Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 Chesterfield, Missouri
Its 8,000 sq ft butterfly conservatory is sheathed in 646 glass panels, each weighing about 200 pounds, set in five vaults.
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Pennsylvania (6)

Frick Greenhouse (The Frick Pittsburgh, Clayton estate), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1897

Frick Greenhouse (The Frick Pittsburgh, Clayton estate)

🇺🇸 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The greenhouse built in 1897 for Henry Clay Frick's estate, designed by Alden & Harlow with the glasshouse builders Lord & Burnham.
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Dorrance H. Hamilton Fernery, Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1899

Dorrance H. Hamilton Fernery, Morris Arboretum

🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The only freestanding Victorian fernery still standing in North America, with a schist grotto and waterfalls.
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Longwood Gardens Conservatory, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
1921

Longwood Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
The great conservatory of Pierre S. du Pont's estate, built to dazzle his guests.
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1976 · 1979

Fairmount Park Horticulture Center ("The Hort")

🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
A city-run 31,000-square-foot greenhouse built on the site of the 1876 Horticultural Hall, then the largest conservatory ever built.
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Milton & Catherine Hershey Conservatory (Hershey Gardens), Hershey, Pennsylvania
2016

Milton & Catherine Hershey Conservatory (Hershey Gardens)

🇺🇸 Hershey, Pennsylvania
Opened in 2016 above the 1937 rose garden, it houses what the garden calls one of only 25 indoor tropical butterfly atriums in the country.
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Longwood Gardens West Conservatory, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
2024

Longwood Gardens West Conservatory

🇺🇸 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
The largest construction project in Longwood Gardens' history, with a roof and walls that open according to the weather.
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Florida (5)

The Land Greenhouses (Living with the Land), EPCOT, EPCOT, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
1982

The Land Greenhouses (Living with the Land), EPCOT

🇺🇸 EPCOT, Lake Buena Vista, Florida
Hydroponic greenhouses of transparent panels, including a geodesic dome, crossed by boat on the Living with the Land ride.
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Wetlands glass dome (The Florida Aquarium), Tampa, Florida
1995

Wetlands glass dome (The Florida Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Tampa, Florida
An 80-foot seashell-shaped glass dome under which mangroves grow and birds fly free, in place since 1995.
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Gaylord Palms Resort Atrium (Everglades, Key West and St. Augustine), Kissimmee, Florida
2002

Gaylord Palms Resort Atrium (Everglades, Key West and St. Augustine)

🇺🇸 Kissimmee, Florida
A 4.5-acre garden under a glass roof, with more than 500,000 plants, a 161,000-gallon lagoon and live alligators.
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Key West Butterfly & Nature Conservatory, Key West, Florida
2003

Key West Butterfly & Nature Conservatory

🇺🇸 Key West, Florida
A tropical habitat under a glass dome where hundreds of butterflies of 50 to 60 species fly free, with birds and two flamingos.
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Tropical Conservatory, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida

Tropical Conservatory, Marie Selby Botanical Gardens

🇺🇸 Sarasota, Florida
Display greenhouse for orchids and bromeliads at Selby Gardens in Sarasota; a 32,605-square-foot conservatory is due to open on the campus in 2028.
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North Carolina (5)

Biltmore Estate Conservatory, Asheville, North Carolina
1895

Biltmore Estate Conservatory

🇺🇸 Asheville, North Carolina
Vanderbilt's estate conservatory, completed in 1895 at the foot of the walled garden, has a forty-foot palm room and more than five hundred orchids.
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Brown Family Conservatory (Reynolda Gardens), Winston-Salem, North Carolina
1913

Brown Family Conservatory (Reynolda Gardens)

🇺🇸 Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Completed in 1913 for Katharine Reynolds, this Lord & Burnham greenhouse became design No. 539 in the builder's catalogue.
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1999

Magic Wings Butterfly House (Museum of Life and Science)

🇺🇸 Durham, North Carolina
A 35-foot glass conservatory where hundreds of tropical butterflies fly among more than 200 varieties of plants.
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2008

William H. Williamson III Orchid Conservatory (Daniel Stowe Conservancy)

🇺🇸 Belmont, North Carolina
Billed as the only glasshouse of its kind in the Carolinas, a five-storey glass house devoted to orchids and tropical plants.
United StatesView entry →
McMillan Greenhouse (UNC Charlotte Botanical Gardens), Charlotte, North Carolina

McMillan Greenhouse (UNC Charlotte Botanical Gardens)

🇺🇸 Charlotte, North Carolina
Built to house the university's orchid collection, this glasshouse still grows some of the original orchids among its displays.
United StatesView entry →

Wisconsin (5)

1912

Botany Greenhouse, Birge Hall (University of Wisconsin–Madison)

🇺🇸 Madison, Wisconsin
Eight glass-roofed rooms in 11 climate zones, attached to Birge Hall, hold over 1,000 taxa and are open to the public on weekdays.
United StatesView entry →
Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (The Domes), Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1964

Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (The Domes)

🇺🇸 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Three glass beehive domes, a modernist icon of Milwaukee, now under threat from age.
United StatesView entry →
Bolz Conservatory (Olbrich Botanical Gardens), Madison, Wisconsin
1991

Bolz Conservatory (Olbrich Botanical Gardens)

🇺🇸 Madison, Wisconsin
A 15-metre glass pyramid, opened in 1991, that is home to more than 750 tropical plants, birds and koi.
United StatesView entry →
1996–1997

D.C. Smith Greenhouse (University of Wisconsin–Madison)

🇺🇸 Madison, Wisconsin
A teaching glasshouse of eleven bays beneath a tree-like colonnade, with an indoor-garden conservatory, open to visitors on weekdays.
United StatesView entry →
2019

Tropical Conservatory, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

🇺🇸 Stevens Point, Wisconsin
A glass-walled tropical greenhouse at the heart of a university building, open to the public and run by students.
United StatesView entry →

Colorado (4)

Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory, Denver, Colorado
1966

Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Denver, Colorado
Its interlocking concrete arches form a petrified forest before visitors even step inside the tropical conservatory.
United StatesView entry →
Tropical Discovery (Denver Zoo), Denver, Colorado
1993

Tropical Discovery (Denver Zoo)

🇺🇸 Denver, Colorado
Opened in 1993 beneath glass pyramids, this hall doubled at a stroke the number of species and animals on show at Denver Zoo.
United StatesView entry →
1995

Wings of the Tropics, Butterfly Pavilion

🇺🇸 Westminster, Colorado
The indoor rainforest of the first stand-alone AZA-accredited invertebrate zoo, alive with butterflies of more than 200 species.
United StatesView entry →
2019

Butterfly House, Gardens on Spring Creek

🇺🇸 Fort Collins, Colorado
A glass conservatory opened in 2019 where 400 to 600 North American butterflies fly freely among more than 100 varieties of tropical plants.
United StatesView entry →

Connecticut (4)

1892

Logee's Greenhouses (1892 Fern House and five other houses)

🇺🇸 Danielson (Killingly), Connecticut
A family-run tropical nursery founded in 1892: six greenhouses to walk through, including the original Fern House and a lemon tree planted in 1900.
United StatesView entry →
Elizabeth Park Greenhouses (Sweetland-Patricelli Greenhouse Complex), Hartford and West Hartford, Connecticut
1898

Elizabeth Park Greenhouses (Sweetland-Patricelli Greenhouse Complex)

🇺🇸 Hartford and West Hartford, Connecticut
Lord & Burnham greenhouses from 1898 still in service, producing more than 180,000 plants a year for a municipal park's beds.
United StatesView entry →
1922 · 1968

Victorian Greenhouse, Connecticut's Beardsley Zoo

🇺🇸 Bridgeport, Connecticut
Two glasshouses of 1922 and 1968 flank an 1897 brick building, with a koi pond and century plants.
United StatesView entry →
1950

UConn Botanical Conservatory (EEB Greenhouses)

🇺🇸 Storrs, Connecticut
Late-1950s university greenhouses where more than 2,700 species grow under glass, from an epiphyte tree to a corpse flower.
United StatesView entry →

Georgia (4)

1949

Hills & Dales Estate Greenhouse

🇺🇸 LaGrange, Georgia
A 1949 glasshouse in three bays where calla lilies, grown continuously since 1916 according to the estate, bloom each winter.
United StatesView entry →
Alice Hand Callaway Visitor Center and Conservatory (State Botanical Garden of Georgia), Athens, Georgia
1985

Alice Hand Callaway Visitor Center and Conservatory (State Botanical Garden of Georgia)

🇺🇸 Athens, Georgia
Beneath high glass ceilings, the University of Georgia's botanical garden displays tropical plants of economic interest.
United StatesView entry →
Cecil B. Day Butterfly Center (Callaway Gardens), Pine Mountain, Georgia
1988

Cecil B. Day Butterfly Center (Callaway Gardens)

🇺🇸 Pine Mountain, Georgia
Between 1,200 and 2,000 tropical butterflies, emerging on site from imported chrysalides, fly freely under this glass dome opened in 1988.
United StatesView entry →
Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory, Atlanta, Georgia
1989

Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory

🇺🇸 Atlanta, Georgia
A pair of biomes under glass — rainforest and desert — at the heart of the Atlanta Botanical Garden.
United StatesView entry →

Arizona (3)

Smith Building display greenhouses (Boyce Thompson Arboretum), Superior, Arizona
1925–1926

Smith Building display greenhouses (Boyce Thompson Arboretum)

🇺🇸 Superior, Arizona
Two Lord & Burnham greenhouses of 1925-1926, restored and reopened in 2021, showing succulents from both hemispheres.
United StatesView entry →
Biosphere 2, Oracle, Arizona
1987–1991

Biosphere 2

🇺🇸 Oracle, Arizona
Over 12,000 m² under glass holding rainforest, coral ocean, mangrove, savanna and desert, sealed for two years from 1991.
United StatesView entry →
Butterfly Wonderland, Scottsdale (Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community), Arizona
2013

Butterfly Wonderland

🇺🇸 Scottsdale (Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community), Arizona
Ten thousand square feet of glass and rainforest in the Sonoran Desert, where up to 4,000 butterflies from three continents fly at once.
United StatesView entry →

Iowa (3)

1971

Noelridge Greenhouse (Noelridge Park municipal greenhouses)

🇺🇸 Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Five municipal greenhouses opened in late 1971: they grow about 60,000 plants a year and keep a permanent tropical and arid collection.
United StatesView entry →
1979

Geodesic Conservatory, Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden (Botanical Center)

🇺🇸 Des Moines, Iowa
A geodesic dome of 665 Plexiglas panels, opened in 1979 on a former brickyard, shelters more than 1,000 tropical species.
United StatesView entry →
Reiman Gardens Conservatory Complex (Hughes Conservatory and Christina Reiman Butterfly Wing), Ames, Iowa
2002

Reiman Gardens Conservatory Complex (Hughes Conservatory and Christina Reiman Butterfly Wing)

🇺🇸 Ames, Iowa
On the Iowa State University campus, a tropical wing kept at 27 °C can hold up to 800 butterflies of 80 species.
United StatesView entry →

Maryland (3)

Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory, Baltimore, Maryland
1888

Howard Peters Rawlings Conservatory

🇺🇸 Baltimore, Maryland
The second-oldest public glass conservatory still standing in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Brookside Gardens Conservatory, Wheaton, Maryland
1969

Brookside Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Wheaton, Maryland
Designed by the county's chief of horticulture because there was no budget for an architect, it opened with the garden on 13 July 1969.
United StatesView entry →
Upland Tropical Rain Forest (National Aquarium glass pyramid), Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland
1981

Upland Tropical Rain Forest (National Aquarium glass pyramid)

🇺🇸 Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland
An Amazonian forest planted under a pyramid whose 684 panes of glass were replaced in 2022 in an $8 million project.
United StatesView entry →

Minnesota (3)

Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, Saint Paul, Minnesota
1915

Marjorie McNeely Conservatory

🇺🇸 Saint Paul, Minnesota
One of the last great Victorian 'Crystal Palace' greenhouses still standing in the United States.
United StatesView entry →
Olcott Park Greenhouse, Virginia, Minnesota
1933

Olcott Park Greenhouse

🇺🇸 Virginia, Minnesota
The Virginia Area Historical Society calls it the only tropical botanical garden north of the Twin Cities; its display wing opened in 1933.
United StatesView entry →
1979–1980

Meyer-Deats Conservatory (Snyder Building), Minnesota Landscape Arboretum

🇺🇸 Chaska, Minnesota
A small tropical conservatory opened in 1980 beside the Minnesota arboretum's first visitor centre, created to house a bromeliad collection.
United StatesView entry →

Oklahoma (3)

Conservatory, Tulsa Garden Center (Woodward Park), Tulsa, Oklahoma
1924

Conservatory, Tulsa Garden Center (Woodward Park)

🇺🇸 Tulsa, Oklahoma
Commissioned in 1924 by Lina Jane Hull, this Lord & Burnham glasshouse on an oil-boom estate reached its centenary freshly restored.
United StatesView entry →
Ed Lycan Conservatory (Will Rogers Gardens), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1924

Ed Lycan Conservatory (Will Rogers Gardens)

🇺🇸 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
A 1924 Lord & Burnham glasshouse, moved across the city in 1936 and faithfully rebuilt on its stone base in 2013.
United StatesView entry →
Crystal Bridge Tropical Conservatory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1988

Crystal Bridge Tropical Conservatory

🇺🇸 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
A cylindrical glass tube spanning downtown Oklahoma City, between rainforest and desert.
United StatesView entry →

Rhode Island (3)

Lord & Burnham Greenhouses, Blithewold, Bristol, Rhode Island
1901

Lord & Burnham Greenhouses, Blithewold

🇺🇸 Bristol, Rhode Island
A 1901 Lord & Burnham complex whose Rose and Palm House, dismantled in the 1930s, is being rebuilt in 2026.
United StatesView entry →
Roger Williams Park Botanical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
2007

Roger Williams Park Botanical Center

🇺🇸 Providence, Rhode Island
Opened in 2007, it is billed as the largest indoor garden open to the public in New England.
United StatesView entry →

Horridge Conservatory (Matthew Horridge Memorial Conservatory), University of Rhode Island

🇺🇸 Kingston, Rhode Island
A university conservatory dedicated to a student who died in 2003, where a titan arum flowered in June 2026 before more than 4,000 visitors.
United StatesView entry →

Tennessee (3)

Gaylord Opryland Atriums (Garden Conservatory, Cascades and Delta), Nashville, Tennessee
1983–1996

Gaylord Opryland Atriums (Garden Conservatory, Cascades and Delta)

🇺🇸 Nashville, Tennessee
Nine acres of tropical gardens under glass roofs, with waterfalls and a quarter-mile indoor river, inside a convention hotel.
United StatesView entry →
Appalachian Cove Forest (Tennessee Aquarium), Chattanooga, Tennessee
1992

Appalachian Cove Forest (Tennessee Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Chattanooga, Tennessee
A southern Appalachian forest growing beneath the glass pyramids of the River Journey building in Chattanooga.
United StatesView entry →
2024

Youth Education and Tropical Plant House (Memphis Botanic Garden)

🇺🇸 Memphis, Tennessee
A 2024 glasshouse holding a miniature rainforest of more than 200 species or varieties, with cacao and rubber trees.
United StatesView entry →

Virginia (3)

Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Conservatory, Richmond, Virginia
2003 · 2026

Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden Conservatory

🇺🇸 Richmond, Virginia
The 2003 conservatory nearly doubled in size in 2026 and now includes a permanent butterfly house.
United StatesView entry →
2004

Appalachian Cove and Cypress Swamp glass-covered habitats, Virginia Living Museum

🇺🇸 Newport News, Virginia
Two two-story glass-covered habitats, a Blue Ridge cove with a waterfall and a cypress swamp, walked through from stream bottom to treetop.
United StatesView entry →
2023–2026

Perry Conservatory, Norfolk Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 Norfolk, Virginia
Opened in September 2026, a 26,000-square-foot glasshouse holds a desert biome, a tropical biome and permanent Chihuly glass installations.
United StatesView entry →

Alabama (2)

Conservatory, Bellingrath Gardens and Home (Lord & Burnham greenhouse), Theodore (near Mobile), Alabama
1935

Conservatory, Bellingrath Gardens and Home (Lord & Burnham greenhouse)

🇺🇸 Theodore (near Mobile), Alabama
A 1935 Lord & Burnham greenhouse overlooking the rose garden, where a ponytail palm has reached about 30 feet in the rotunda.
United StatesView entry →
Birmingham Botanical Gardens Conservatory, Birmingham, Alabama
1961–1962

Birmingham Botanical Gardens Conservatory

🇺🇸 Birmingham, Alabama
A Lord & Burnham conservatory of 1962, now a rarity, designed by the curator of the Montreal Botanical Garden.
United StatesView entry →

D.C. (2)

United States Botanic Garden, Washington, D.C.
1820 · 1933

United States Botanic Garden

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
Born from a plant collection brought back by a Pacific expedition.
United StatesView entry →
Hillwood Greenhouse (Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens), Washington, D.C.
1996

Hillwood Greenhouse (Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens)

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
Marjorie Merriweather Post's orchid greenhouse still holds more than 2,000 specimens and supplies blooms for the rooms of her mansion.
United StatesView entry →

Nebraska (2)

Desert Dome (Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium), Omaha, Nebraska
2002

Desert Dome (Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium)

🇺🇸 Omaha, Nebraska
A 70 m geodesic dome, billed as the world's largest glazed one, shelters three re-created deserts.
United StatesView entry →
2014 · 2025

Marjorie K. Daugherty Conservatory (Lauritzen Gardens)

🇺🇸 Omaha, Nebraska
In a botanical garden laid out on a former Omaha rubbish dump, this conservatory of 12,000 glass panels looks out over the Missouri valley.
United StatesView entry →

Wyoming (2)

Williams Conservatory (University of Wyoming), Laramie, Wyoming
1994

Williams Conservatory (University of Wyoming)

🇺🇸 Laramie, Wyoming
A glass greenhouse from 1994 connected to the Aven Nelson Building, where the University of Wyoming shows plants from 76 families free of charge in Laramie.
United StatesView entry →
2017

Shane Smith Grand Conservatory (Cheyenne Botanic Gardens)

🇺🇸 Cheyenne, Wyoming
Heir to a 1977 community solar greenhouse, this three-storey conservatory even houses a 42-foot Navy submarine periscope.
United StatesView entry →

Elsewhere (17)

Conservatory of Flowers, San Francisco
1878–1879

Conservatory of Flowers

🇺🇸 San Francisco
Rebuilt plank by plank after the 1995 storm.
United StatesView entry →
Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh
1893

Phipps Conservatory

🇺🇸 Pittsburgh
A gift to the city from steel magnate Henry Phipps.
United StatesView entry →
Garfield Park Conservatory, Chicago
1906–1908

Garfield Park Conservatory

🇺🇸 Chicago
Designed as a natural landscape, not a collection displayed in rows.
United StatesView entry →
1882 · 2011

Bush Conservatory (Bush's Pasture Park)

🇺🇸 Salem, Oregon
Built in 1882 for Asahel Bush's daughters, it is described as the oldest greenhouse in Oregon and the Pacific Northwest.
United StatesView entry →
Orchid Range, Duke Farms, Hillsborough, New Jersey
1899–1901

Orchid Range, Duke Farms

🇺🇸 Hillsborough, New Jersey
The first ornamental building on James B. Duke's estate, this 1899–1901 conservatory holds nearly 2,000 orchids of some 1,300 varieties.
United StatesView entry →
Conservatory of the Two Sisters (New Orleans Botanical Garden), New Orleans, Louisiana
1930 · 2003

Conservatory of the Two Sisters (New Orleans Botanical Garden)

🇺🇸 New Orleans, Louisiana
A 1930s conservatory, born with City Park's Art Deco WPA garden, crowned by a glass dome 40 feet high.
United StatesView entry →
Reptile Gardens Sky Dome, Rapid City, South Dakota
1964 · 1977

Reptile Gardens Sky Dome

🇺🇸 Rapid City, South Dakota
A black plexiglass dome, rebuilt in 1977 after a fire, where lizards and birds roam free among orchids and bromeliads.
United StatesView entry →
1977 · 2015

The Tropics (formerly the Jungle), Sedgwick County Zoo

🇺🇸 Wichita, Kansas
An indoor rainforest opened in 1977 whose ETFE cushion roof (2015) raised the measured light level more than eighty-fold.
United StatesView entry →
1992

Lied Jungle

🇺🇸 Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha
One of the largest indoor rainforests in the world, opened on April 4, 1992, for $15 million.
United StatesView entry →
The RainForest, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland
1992

The RainForest

🇺🇸 Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland
The 1992 RainForest, now Primate Forest, an indoor destination opened in October 2026: Bornean orangutans and more than 60 animal species.
United StatesView entry →
Desert and Mediterranean Conservatories (ABQ BioPark Botanic Garden), Albuquerque, New Mexico
1996

Desert and Mediterranean Conservatories (ABQ BioPark Botanic Garden)

🇺🇸 Albuquerque, New Mexico
With little or no imported energy, two glass pavilions beside the Rio Grande recreate North American deserts and Mediterranean-climate coasts.
United StatesView entry →
Bellagio Conservatory & Botanical Gardens, Las Vegas (Paradise), Nevada
1998

Bellagio Conservatory & Botanical Gardens

🇺🇸 Las Vegas (Paradise), Nevada
A conservatory under 50 feet of glass, replanted five times a year inside a Strip hotel-casino and visited free by some 20,000 people a day.
United StatesView entry →
Conservatory & Interpretive Center, International Peace Garden, International Peace Garden, near Dunseith, North Dakota
2009 · 2024

Conservatory & Interpretive Center, International Peace Garden

🇺🇸 International Peace Garden, near Dunseith, North Dakota
More than 5,000 species of cacti and succulents, given by a collector from Minot, grow here on the Canada–US border.
United StatesView entry →
2019

Butterfly Biosphere at Thanksgiving Point (Beverley Taylor Sorenson Butterfly Conservatory)

🇺🇸 Lehi, Utah
Utah's first insectarium: more than a thousand butterflies of around a hundred species under glass at 85 °F, inside a former retail centre.
United StatesView entry →
2024

Plants of the Bible Conservatory (Creation Museum)

🇺🇸 Petersburg, Kentucky
Four glasshouses, each with its own climate, stand around a courtyard and show plants named in the Bible; they opened in late 2024.
United StatesView entry →
Orchid Conservatory, Foster Botanical Garden, Honolulu, Oʻahu (Hawaii)

Orchid Conservatory, Foster Botanical Garden

🇺🇸 Honolulu, Oʻahu (Hawaii)
An orchid and tropical-plant glasshouse in the oldest of Honolulu's five city botanical gardens, "reimagined" in 2025.
United StatesView entry →

Palm Room, Oglebay (Hilltop Welcome Center)

🇺🇸 Wheeling, West Virginia
A glass conservatory designed by Lord & Burnham, where Mrs. Oglebay grew exotic flowers for the mansion's flower arrangements.
United StatesView entry →

Architecture in the United States

Gulf Oil Building (131 Ponce de Leon Avenue), Atlanta, Georgia
1951

Gulf Oil Building (131 Ponce de Leon Avenue)

🇺🇸 Atlanta, Georgia
The first office building Pei designed: two storeys of steel columns, windows and marble panels, taken apart in 2013, and a main facade rebuilt on the site.
United StatesView entry →
Trenton Bath House and Day Camp pavilions, Ewing Township, New Jersey
1955–1957

Trenton Bath House and Day Camp pavilions

🇺🇸 Ewing Township, New Jersey
Four square concrete-block rooms under pyramidal roofs, set in a Greek cross around a courtyard open to the sky.
United StatesView entry →
Wharton Esherick Workshop, Malvern (Tredyffrin Township), Pennsylvania
1955–1956

Wharton Esherick Workshop

🇺🇸 Malvern (Tredyffrin Township), Pennsylvania
Three joined hexagonal pavilions of stuccoed concrete block, with a sculptural chimney that twists up over the roof.
United StatesView entry →
1956

Mile High Center

🇺🇸 Denver, Colorado
A 23-storey tower whose facade, white enamel panels woven with dark aluminium bands, traces its air-handling system; its plaza with trout pools was lost in the 1980s.
United StatesView entry →
1956

Roosevelt Field Mall

🇺🇸 East Garden City, Uniondale, New York
A shopping mall opened in 1956, whose whole design Pei led, from buildings and parking to landscape and graphics: in its original form, the second largest in the country.
United StatesView entry →
Richards Medical Research Laboratories and Goddard Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1957–1965

Richards Medical Research Laboratories and Goddard Laboratories

🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Three laboratory towers of precast concrete, brick and glass, set in a pinwheel around a service tower.
United StatesView entry →
First Unitarian Church of Rochester, Rochester, New York
1959–1969

First Unitarian Church of Rochester

🇺🇸 Rochester, New York
A concrete sanctuary lit from above by four light towers, at the heart of a brick church with folded walls.
United StatesView entry →
Margaret Esherick House, Philadelphia (Chestnut Hill), Pennsylvania
1959–1962

Margaret Esherick House

🇺🇸 Philadelphia (Chestnut Hill), Pennsylvania
A one-bedroom house of stuccoed load-bearing concrete block, nearly closed to the street and glazed toward the park, with a kitchen made by the sculptor Wharton Esherick.
United StatesView entry →
City View (formerly Washington Plaza), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Lower Hill)
1960

City View (formerly Washington Plaza)

🇺🇸 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Lower Hill)
First called Washington Plaza, the only high-rise apartment building to rise in the Lower Hill during its urban renewal.
United StatesView entry →
1960

William L. Slayton House

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C. (Cleveland Park)
A Washington house roofed by three barrel vaults of cast-in-place concrete, its front and rear almost entirely glazed: one of only three houses Pei designed.
United StatesView entry →
Arts United Center (Fort Wayne Performing Arts Theatre), Fort Wayne, Indiana
1961–1973

Arts United Center (Fort Wayne Performing Arts Theatre)

🇺🇸 Fort Wayne, Indiana
The only performance venue Kahn built for the purpose, and his only major work in the Midwest: a concrete hall conceived as a violin in its brick case.
United StatesView entry →
Town Center East, Washington, D.C. (Southwest)
1961

Town Center East

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C. (Southwest)
Two twin buildings of smooth concrete and glass raised on pilotis on either side of a courtyard: the first large Pei project built in Washington.
United StatesView entry →
University Apartments (University Park Condominiums), Chicago (Hyde Park, Illinois)
1961

University Apartments (University Park Condominiums)

🇺🇸 Chicago (Hyde Park, Illinois)
Two twin concrete towers set on the median island of 55th Street, whose outer pillars let the central garden be seen from the surrounding streets.
United StatesView entry →
1962–1972

FAA air traffic control towers

🇺🇸 Several airports across the United States
A control tower model with a five-sided cab, meant to be repeated from airport to airport, of which sixteen were built.
United StatesView entry →
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California
1962–1967

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

🇺🇸 La Jolla, San Diego, California
Two symmetrical buildings of poured-in-place concrete, left raw, face each other across a travertine courtyard split by a slender watercourse running toward the Pacific.
United StatesView entry →
Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Cambridge, Massachusetts
1963

Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts

🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts
Le Corbusier's only building in North America, where a concrete ramp runs through the heart of the building and opens views into the studios.
United StatesView entry →
Hale Mānoa (East-West Center), Honolulu, Hawaii
1963

Hale Mānoa (East-West Center)

🇺🇸 Honolulu, Hawaii
A thirteen-storey concrete tower designed by Pei's firm, where glass-walled lounges set back behind open spaces make it look, from afar, as if every third level were an open floor.
United StatesView entry →
1963

Kennedy Theatre (University of Hawaii at Mānoa)

🇺🇸 Honolulu, Hawaii
The Mānoa campus theatre, designed by Pei's firm for the East-West Center and renamed for President Kennedy a week before its official opening.
United StatesView entry →
Century Towers (Century City), Los Angeles (Century City, California)
1964

Century Towers (Century City)

🇺🇸 Los Angeles (Century City, California)
The first residential high-rise in Century City, originally designed as apartments by I. M. Pei.
United StatesView entry →
MIT Green Building (Building 54), Cambridge, Massachusetts
1964

MIT Green Building (Building 54)

🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts
A twenty-one-story concrete tower lifted off the ground, its facade almost entirely covered by a grid of recessed windows.
United StatesView entry →
Newhouse 1 (Syracuse University), Syracuse, New York
1964

Newhouse 1 (Syracuse University)

🇺🇸 Syracuse, New York
A cruciform building of precast concrete, nearly half of it underground, with a skylit hall at its center.
United StatesView entry →
Society Hill Towers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1964

Society Hill Towers

🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Three concrete towers with a waffle-iron facade, set on different axes and spaced to open up views: one on the axis of the Head House market, another on the greenway beside St. Paul's Church.
United StatesView entry →
University Village (Silver Towers), New York University, New York (Greenwich Village)
1964–1967

University Village (Silver Towers), New York University

🇺🇸 New York (Greenwich Village)
Three identical concrete towers set as a pinwheel around a lawn, with a Picasso bust enlarged to 36 feet by Carl Nesjar near the center of the complex.
United StatesView entry →
Hoffman Hall (University of Southern California), Los Angeles, California
1965

Hoffman Hall (University of Southern California)

🇺🇸 Los Angeles, California
An eight-level concrete tower of brutalist character, designed in 1965 by I. M. Pei's firm for the University of Southern California's business school.
United StatesView entry →
Kips Bay Towers (Kips Bay Plaza), New York (Manhattan, Kips Bay)
1965

Kips Bay Towers (Kips Bay Plaza)

🇺🇸 New York (Manhattan, Kips Bay)
Two exposed reinforced-concrete towers on either side of a three-acre park, which the head of research in Pei's office presented as the "prototype" of its concrete technique.
United StatesView entry →
1965

Pei Residence Halls, New College of Florida

🇺🇸 Sarasota, Florida
Three pale grey brick pavilions designed as a kind of Mediterranean village around a plaza planted with royal palms.
United StatesView entry →
Phillips Exeter Academy Library (Class of 1945 Library), Exeter, New Hampshire
1965–1972

Phillips Exeter Academy Library (Class of 1945 Library)

🇺🇸 Exeter, New Hampshire
A library of Exeter brick whose central hall is crowned by two large cross beams made of 165 tons of poured concrete.
United StatesView entry →
NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Boulder (Colorado)
1967

NCAR Mesa Laboratory

🇺🇸 Boulder (Colorado)
Concrete towers with grooved walls, tinted with the neighboring rock, on a mesa at the foot of the Rockies.
United StatesView entry →
Des Moines Art Center (Pei wing), Des Moines (Iowa)
1968

Des Moines Art Center (Pei wing)

🇺🇸 Des Moines (Iowa)
A sculpture gallery topped by a concrete butterfly roof whose wings open to admit natural light.
United StatesView entry →
Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York
1968

Everson Museum of Art

🇺🇸 Syracuse, New York
The first museum designed by I. M. Pei: four cantilevered concrete volumes conceived as a sculpture around a central void.
United StatesView entry →
L'Enfant Plaza (plaza and promenade), Washington, D.C. (Southwest)
1968

L'Enfant Plaza (plaza and promenade)

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C. (Southwest)
A broad open plaza lined with buildings and set over an underground shopping mall, laid out as a whole by Pei.
United StatesView entry →
Cleo Rogers Memorial Library, Columbus, Indiana
1969

Cleo Rogers Memorial Library

🇺🇸 Columbus, Indiana
A brick pavilion with coffered concrete ceilings, accompanied by a public plaza centered on Henry Moore's Large Arch.
United StatesView entry →
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, Connecticut
1969–1977

Yale Center for British Art

🇺🇸 New Haven, Connecticut
Louis Kahn's last building: matte steel and reflective glass outside, and a roof pierced by 224 domes that let the daylight in.
United StatesView entry →
Camille Edouard Dreyfus Chemistry Building, MIT (Building 18), Cambridge, Massachusetts
1970

Camille Edouard Dreyfus Chemistry Building, MIT (Building 18)

🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts
A four-storey poured-concrete building with one end cantilevered, built for chemistry at MIT.
United StatesView entry →
1970

Sundrome (National Airlines Terminal, JFK Airport)

🇺🇸 New York (JFK Airport)
A terminal of broad glass walls, hence its nickname Sundrome, whose main front rested on glass mullions.
United StatesView entry →
Christian Science Plaza (Boston), Boston (Back Bay)
1971–1972

Christian Science Plaza (Boston)

🇺🇸 Boston (Back Bay)
Three tinted-concrete buildings, arranged asymmetrically about a long reflecting pool, extend the world headquarters of the Church of Christ, Scientist.
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Harbor Towers, Boston, Massachusetts
1971

Harbor Towers

🇺🇸 Boston, Massachusetts
Two forty-storey concrete towers, with apartments arranged in a pinwheel around a central core: the first major residential buildings put up on Boston's waterfront.
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I. M. Pei Building (formerly Wilmington Tower), Wilmington, Delaware
1971

I. M. Pei Building (formerly Wilmington Tower)

🇺🇸 Wilmington, Delaware
An office tower in downtown Wilmington, with floor-to-ceiling glass on its office floors, that now bears Pei's name.
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Robert F. Kennedy Gravesite, Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington (Virginia)
1971

Robert F. Kennedy Gravesite

🇺🇸 Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington (Virginia)
A plain white cross on the slope, above a small semicircular granite plaza where a low inscribed wall edges a small pool.
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Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
1972

Kimbell Art Museum

🇺🇸 Fort Worth, Texas
Sixteen cycloid concrete vaults, pierced at the top by a narrow skylight whose daylight, spread by pierced aluminium reflectors, gives the concrete a silvery gleam.
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Paul Mellon Arts Center (Choate Rosemary Hall), Wallingford, Connecticut
1972

Paul Mellon Arts Center (Choate Rosemary Hall)

🇺🇸 Wallingford, Connecticut
A rectangular volume opened into two wings, one triangular and one curved, split by an open-air path and set like a sculpted gateway between the Choate and Rosemary Hall campuses.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, Roosevelt Island, New York
1973 · 2012

Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

🇺🇸 Roosevelt Island, New York
"A room and a garden": at the southern tip of Roosevelt Island, a triangular lawn and two rows of linden trees lead to a granite room enclosed on three sides.
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Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, New York
1973

Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art

🇺🇸 Ithaca, New York
A concrete building whose fifth level cantilevers over a sculpture garden, and whose north and west sides offer a panoramic view of Cayuga Lake.
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Spelman Halls (Princeton University), Princeton, New Jersey
1973

Spelman Halls (Princeton University)

🇺🇸 Princeton, New Jersey
Eight concrete buildings that Pei meant to fit into the informal sequence of open spaces, buildings and vistas traditional at Princeton.
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Lamar Building penthouse, Augusta, Georgia
1975

Lamar Building penthouse

🇺🇸 Augusta, Georgia
A wedge-shaped glass pavilion nicknamed "the toaster" in Augusta, set in 1975 on top of a skyscraper dating from 1918.
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John Hancock Tower (200 Clarendon), Boston, Massachusetts
1976

John Hancock Tower (200 Clarendon)

🇺🇸 Boston, Massachusetts
A reflective glass tower whose facades return the image of the neighbouring Trinity Church.
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1976

National Bank of Commerce Building (now Union Bank Place)

🇺🇸 Lincoln, Nebraska
A concrete bank headquarters whose south entrance, cantilevered over the sidewalk, makes a 60-foot-high porch, inside and outside at once, leading to a planted courtyard.
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Ralph Landau Building for Chemical Engineering (MIT Building 66), Cambridge, Massachusetts
1976

Ralph Landau Building for Chemical Engineering (MIT Building 66)

🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts
A building with a triangular plan, one of four that Pei, an alumnus of the school, designed on the MIT campus.
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Wilson Commons (University of Rochester), Rochester, New York
1976

Wilson Commons (University of Rochester)

🇺🇸 Rochester, New York
A trapezoid-shaped student union whose honeycomb windows, set on the diagonal, bring the tower of Rush Rhees Library into focus.
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Dallas City Hall, Dallas (Texas)
1978

Dallas City Hall

🇺🇸 Dallas (Texas)
A buff concrete city hall whose front façade leans out at 34 degrees, facing a plaza with a large reflecting pool.
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East Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
1978

East Building, National Gallery of Art

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
Two triangles clad in the same Tennessee pink marble as the West Building, and a large triangular atrium where a monumental Calder mobile moves on the air currents.
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John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Columbia Point, Boston (Massachusetts)
1979

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

🇺🇸 Columbia Point, Boston (Massachusetts)
A white concrete tower and, at the end of the visit, an empty glass pavilion where only an enormous flag hangs, facing a panorama of sky, land and sea.
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1979

One Dallas Center

🇺🇸 Dallas, Texas
A rhomboid-plan tower that answers the two downtown Dallas street grids, which meet at 30 degrees, with no wall parallel to the neighbouring streets.
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Biltmore Building (formerly the Akzona Building), Asheville, North Carolina
1981

Biltmore Building (formerly the Akzona Building)

🇺🇸 Asheville, North Carolina
A concrete-and-glass corporate headquarters built in downtown Asheville for Akzona, later owned by the Biltmore Company.
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1981

West Wing, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Linde Family Wing for Contemporary Art)

🇺🇸 Boston (Massachusetts)
A granite wing by Pei, turned towards daylight, which became the museum's home for contemporary art in 2011.
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16th Street Mall, Denver (Colorado)
1982

16th Street Mall

🇺🇸 Denver (Colorado)
A mile-long street set aside for buses and pedestrians, paved with grey and red granite in a diamond pattern, opened in 1982 in downtown Denver.
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Eskenazi Museum of Art (Indiana University), Bloomington, Indiana
1982

Eskenazi Museum of Art (Indiana University)

🇺🇸 Bloomington, Indiana
Two concrete wings joined by a triangular atrium under a glass ceiling, among the limestone buildings of the campus.
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JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly Texas Commerce Tower), Houston, Texas
1982

JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly Texas Commerce Tower)

🇺🇸 Houston, Texas
A 75-storey, five-sided skyscraper sheathed in polished gray granite, with a sculpture by Joan Miró in front.
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Energy Plaza (The Sinclair), Dallas (Texas)
1983

Energy Plaza (The Sinclair)

🇺🇸 Dallas (Texas)
A 49-storey grey granite tower with triangular floors and a vertical notch, opened in 1983 for Arco and converted in 2024 into offices and homes.
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1984

Mastercard headquarters, Purchase (formerly IBM Corporate Office Building)

🇺🇸 Purchase (New York)
A travertine-and-concrete office building made up of a saw-toothed central parallelogram and two quarter-circle wings, completed in 1984 and now Mastercard's global headquarters.
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Wiesner Building, MIT (Media Lab, List Visual Arts Center), Cambridge, Massachusetts
1985

Wiesner Building, MIT (Media Lab, List Visual Arts Center)

🇺🇸 Cambridge, Massachusetts
A building of white aluminium panels whose colours, benches and courtyard were designed with Pei by three artists.
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Fountain Place, Dallas, Texas
1986

Fountain Place

🇺🇸 Dallas, Texas
A blue-green glass tower that shifts in appearance as you walk around it, rising above a water garden planted with bald cypress.
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Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, New York (Hell's Kitchen)
1986

Jacob K. Javits Convention Center

🇺🇸 New York (Hell's Kitchen)
A convention center whose spaces are all arranged around a huge glass hall with a space-frame structure, including a fifteen-storey "Crystal Palace".
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Miami Tower (formerly CenTrust Tower), Miami (Florida)
1987

Miami Tower (formerly CenTrust Tower)

🇺🇸 Miami (Florida)
A tower that swells toward Biscayne Bay in three rounded tiers, lit in changing colours, above a garage pierced by a Metromover station.
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Carl C. Icahn Center for Science (Choate Rosemary Hall), Wallingford (Connecticut)
1989

Carl C. Icahn Center for Science (Choate Rosemary Hall)

🇺🇸 Wallingford (Connecticut)
A brick science building arranged around a glass conoid, reached by a bridge over a pond, that links two once-separate campuses.
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Creative Artists Agency headquarters (Beverly Hills), Beverly Hills (California)
1989

Creative Artists Agency headquarters (Beverly Hills)

🇺🇸 Beverly Hills (California)
A Postmodern building of almost classical bearing: two curved wings, one glazed and one of masonry, around a circular atrium capped by a glass cone.
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1989

IBM Somers Office Complex

🇺🇸 Somers (New York)
Four linked office buildings around a central services building, each topped by a pyramidal skylight, on a wooded hilltop in Somers.
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Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center, Dallas, Texas
1989

Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center

🇺🇸 Dallas, Texas
A shoebox concert hall that Pei wraps in curved forms: a limestone cube, large curved windows and a circular lobby of glass and metal.
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U.S. Bank Tower (Library Tower), Los Angeles (California)
1989

U.S. Bank Tower (Library Tower)

🇺🇸 Los Angeles (California)
A round 73-storey tower with four setbacks and a glass crown, shaped so as not to overpower the 1926 Central Library.
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1991

The Towers at Wildwood Plaza

🇺🇸 Atlanta (Georgia)
Two connected twin office towers designed by I. M. Pei and completed in 1991, at the heart of an Atlanta business park.
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1992

Ando Gallery, Art Institute of Chicago

🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois
A dark, minimalist room crossed by sixteen pillars that evoke a forest, for viewing Japanese screens.
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Capella Tower (formerly First Bank Place), Minneapolis (Minnesota)
1992

Capella Tower (formerly First Bank Place)

🇺🇸 Minneapolis (Minnesota)
A 56-storey cylindrical tower topped by a semicircular steel crown lit in changing colours, joined by a winter garden to a 20-storey building.
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1992

The Kirklin Clinic (UAB)

🇺🇸 Birmingham (Alabama)
A stepped U-shaped clinic opening onto a fountain court, which brought together under one roof many outpatient clinics previously scattered across the university's hospital district.
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Four Seasons Hotel New York, New York (Midtown)
1993

Four Seasons Hotel New York

🇺🇸 New York (Midtown)
A fifty-two-storey hotel tower clad in French Magny limestone, rising in setbacks marked by lanterns to a cruciform crown.
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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.
1993

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
A limestone and brick building whose abstract forms allude to the history of the Holocaust without reproducing any specific place.
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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, Ohio
1995

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

🇺🇸 Cleveland, Ohio
A tower and a glass "tent" on the shore of Lake Erie, with a 125-seat theatre cantilevered out over the water.
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San Francisco Main Library, San Francisco (California)
1996

San Francisco Main Library

🇺🇸 San Francisco (California)
A library whose five-storey central atrium receives daylight through a skylight, and whose structure rests on 142 seismic base isolators.
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1997

Eychaner/Lee House

🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois
A concrete house almost blind to the street, opening through large areas of glass onto an inner water garden.
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John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse, Boston (Fan Pier)
1998

John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse

🇺🇸 Boston (Fan Pier)
A brick courthouse whose curved glass facade opens onto Boston Harbor, designed so the public would see it as its own.
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Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, Washington, D.C.
1998

Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
The largest federal building after the Pentagon, neoclassical outside like its neighbours, contemporary inside, around a nine-level atrium under a glazed roof.
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Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato (California)
1999

Buck Institute for Research on Aging

🇺🇸 Novato (California)
A research campus on aging clad in honey-coloured travertine, so as to blend with the golden grasses of the Mount Burdell foothills.
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1999

Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations

🇺🇸 New York (Manhattan)
An eleven-storey building about a hundred metres from the United Nations headquarters, into which Pei wanted to bring "the soul of Korea".
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Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Creve Coeur (St. Louis), Missouri
2001

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center

🇺🇸 Creve Coeur (St. Louis), Missouri
A full-height atrium, an internal garden lit by daylight, between the two laboratory wings of a plant research centre.
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Pulitzer Arts Foundation, St. Louis, Missouri
2001

Pulitzer Arts Foundation

🇺🇸 St. Louis, Missouri
Tadao Ando's earliest freestanding public building in the US: a two-story concrete volume whose galleries get their light from a central reflecting pool.
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Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth (“The Modern”), Fort Worth, Texas
2002

Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth (“The Modern”)

🇺🇸 Fort Worth, Texas
Five long flat-roofed pavilions on a 1.5-acre reflecting pond, their concrete roofs carried by five Y-shaped columns forty feet tall, with galleries lit by skylights and clerestory windows.
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National Constitution Center, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
2003

National Constitution Center

🇺🇸 Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
A museum of Indiana limestone broken by bands of light gray granite, whose two-storey glass entrance its architect calls the front porch.
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Morimoto restaurant, Chelsea Market, Chelsea, Manhattan, New York
2006

Morimoto restaurant, Chelsea Market

🇺🇸 Chelsea, Manhattan, New York
Ando's New York debut: the interior of a Japanese restaurant whose central staircase was lit by 17,400 water bottles.
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Embassy of China in Washington, D.C. (chancery), Washington, D.C.
2008

Embassy of China in Washington, D.C. (chancery)

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
A chancery in beige French limestone, made of two office wings joined by a central pavilion, with a Chinese-style garden at the back.
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Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC), Troy, New York
2008

Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (EMPAC)

🇺🇸 Troy, New York
A concert hall inside a cedar-clad hull, wrapped in glass and anchored to a steep hillside above Troy and the Hudson.
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Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (headquarters), Kansas City (Missouri)
2008

Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (headquarters)

🇺🇸 Kansas City (Missouri)
A limestone-clad tower over a two-storey base, on a hillside just south of the National WWI Museum and Memorial.
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Butler College Dormitories (Princeton University), Princeton, New Jersey
2009

Butler College Dormitories (Princeton University)

🇺🇸 Princeton, New Jersey
Five red-brick residences with undulating facades, set in two buildings and designed by Henry N. Cobb for Butler College.
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200 West Street (Goldman Sachs headquarters), New York (Battery Park City)
2010

200 West Street (Goldman Sachs headquarters)

🇺🇸 New York (Battery Park City)
A tower of glass and stainless steel whose west face curves to preserve sight lines to the west.
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NASCAR Hall of Fame, Charlotte (North Carolina)
2010

NASCAR Hall of Fame

🇺🇸 Charlotte (North Carolina)
A museum enclosed by a curved wall from which a metal ribbon twists over the entrance into a canopy, echoing the speed of the racetrack.
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Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Heart Center (New York), Washington Heights, New York
2010

Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Heart Center (New York)

🇺🇸 Washington Heights, New York
A six-storey hospital building that bows out toward the Hudson and the Palisades behind a glass facade hung from the roof.
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1000 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D.C.
2012

1000 Connecticut Avenue

🇺🇸 Washington, D.C.
A twelve-storey office building whose Connecticut Avenue facade folds into saw-toothed pleats of stainless steel and glass.
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Fiterman Hall (BMCC), New York (Manhattan)
2012

Fiterman Hall (BMCC)

🇺🇸 New York (Manhattan)
The replacement, a short way north of the World Trade Center site, for the Fiterman Hall damaged beyond repair on 11 September 2001, with stacked atriums on its north and south sides, each with its own spiral stair.
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2012

Via Verde – The Green Way

🇺🇸 The Bronx, New York
A garden that begins in a ground-level courtyard and climbs in a spiral from roof to roof, at the heart of a housing complex in the South Bronx.
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2013

McGlothlin Medical Education Center (Virginia Commonwealth University)

🇺🇸 Richmond, Virginia
Twelve storeys for the VCU School of Medicine, cut through by a diagonal walkway that joins the symbolic heart of the campus, on its east side, to the functional hub on its west side.
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Queens Museum, Queens, New York
2013

Queens Museum

🇺🇸 Queens, New York
Built to house New York City's pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair, one of the few fair buildings meant to last, it doubled in size in 2013; at the heart of its lobby, a lantern of hanging glass louvres filters the daylight.
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Clark Art Institute: Clark Center and Lunder Center at Stone Hill, Williamstown, Massachusetts
2014 · 2008

Clark Art Institute: Clark Center and Lunder Center at Stone Hill

🇺🇸 Williamstown, Massachusetts
A long, low visitor centre, 65 per cent of it below ground level, facing a three-tiered reflecting pool, and, higher up the hill, a second Ando building conceived as a sanctuary to be discovered.
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Fordham University School of Law and McKeon Residence Hall (Lincoln Center), Manhattan, New York
2014

Fordham University School of Law and McKeon Residence Hall (Lincoln Center)

🇺🇸 Manhattan, New York
A twenty-two-storey building whose undulating arcs turn toward Lincoln Center, with the law school at its base and student housing above.
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Fulton Center, New York (Manhattan)
2014

Fulton Center

🇺🇸 New York (Manhattan)
A glass-and-steel pavilion whose cone lets the sky in: a net of tensioned cables fitted with 952 perforated aluminium panels sends daylight down to the lower levels of a subway station.
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7 Bryant Park, New York (Midtown)
2015

7 Bryant Park

🇺🇸 New York (Midtown)
Two cones meeting point to point, carved into the corner that faces Bryant Park, form an hourglass in the glass of the tower.
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Grace Farms, The River building, New Canaan, Connecticut
2015

Grace Farms, The River building

🇺🇸 New Canaan, Connecticut
A long aluminium roof that winds down a hillside and shelters glass volumes, in the middle of a 32-hectare reserve.
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Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science, Miami, Florida
2017

Phillip and Patricia Frost Museum of Science

🇺🇸 Miami, Florida
Four soft-white buildings set in an open-armed stance, and a droplet-shaped aquarium whose conical tank ends in an acrylic lens 31 feet (about 9.4 m) across.
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2018

152 Elizabeth Street Condominiums

🇺🇸 Nolita, Manhattan, New York
Tadao Ando's first residential building in Manhattan: seven floors of concrete, glass and metal, with a water wall in the vestibule.
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2018

Wrightwood 659

🇺🇸 Lincoln Park, Chicago (Illinois)
An apartment building from 1929-1930 whose brick shell was kept and whose whole interior was rebuilt, in concrete and steel, around an atrium of salvaged Chicago brick.
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LACMA David Geffen Galleries, Los Angeles, California
2026

LACMA David Geffen Galleries

🇺🇸 Los Angeles, California
A single gallery level of architectural concrete and glass, lifted above the ground on seven pavilions, that crosses Wilshire Boulevard.
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House and riding facility on a ranch near Santa Fe

🇺🇸 Galisteo Basin, near Santa Fe, New Mexico
A low house that seems to float on a reflecting pool, and circular riding rings bounded by concrete, amid the scrub of New Mexico.
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