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Travel guide

The Best Greenhouses to Visit in Europe

By the Verrière editors · Published on September 21, 2026

Palmenhaus Schönbrunn (Great Palm House), Vienna, Schönbrunn Palace Park
Palmenhaus Schönbrunn (Great Palm House) — Photo: C.Stadler/Bwag (CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped)

The Old Continent invented the modern botanical greenhouse: from the Victorian workshops of Kew to contemporary Scandinavian biomes, Verrière currently catalogues 622 greenhouses here, across 31 countries. Here's where to find them, region by region.

Northern Europe — the British Isles, Scandinavia, the Baltics

The UK and Ireland hold the continent's highest density of historic greenhouses, a direct legacy of the Victorian golden age of plant-hunting horticulture. Further north, Scandinavia and the Baltic states developed their own winter gardens, designed to make the tropics accessible through harsh winters.

  1. Curvilinear Range & Great Palm House

    🇮🇪 Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland · 1843–1869 · Palm House 1884

    The central dome of the Curvilinear Range, by Richard Turner, who also built Kew's Palm House with Decimus Burton.

    Discover the full entry →

  2. Chatsworth Display Greenhouse

    🇬🇧 Bakewell (Derbyshire), United Kingdom · 1970

    It holds direct descendants of the bananas and giant water lily that Joseph Paxton grew here in the nineteenth century.

    Discover the full entry →

  3. Eden Project

    🇬🇧 Bodelva, Cornwall, United Kingdom · 2001

    A dead clay pit reborn as a rainforest under bubbles.

    Discover the full entry →

  4. Edvard Andersons växthus (Edvard Anderson Glasshouse)

    🇸🇪 Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm, Sweden · 1995

    A 1936 bequest for a Mediterranean 'winter garden', realised in 1995 and honoured with the European Steel Design Award.

    Discover the full entry →

  5. Great Glasshouse (Tŷ Gwydr Mawr)

    🇬🇧 National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, Wales, United Kingdom · 2000

    Designed by Foster and Partners, the world's largest single-span glasshouse gathers plants from all six Mediterranean-climate regions.

    Discover the full entry →

  6. Kibble Palace

    🇬🇧 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1873

    Built on the shores of Loch Long, this Victorian glasshouse was taken apart and carried by barge up the Clyde to Glasgow.

    Discover the full entry →

  7. Oranžerija of the Kaunas Botanical Garden

    🇱🇹 Kaunas, Lithuania · 1923–1925

    The president of the young Republic of Lithuania personally laid the cornerstone of this orangery, which went on to become the country's largest greenhouse.

    Discover the full entry →

  8. Palm House

    🇬🇧 Kew, London, United Kingdom · 1844–1848

    The technical cradle of every great glasshouse that followed.

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  9. Palm House

    🇬🇧 Botanic Gardens, Belfast, United Kingdom · 1839–1852

    One of the oldest surviving examples of a curvilinear cast-iron glasshouse, whitewashed every summer to protect the plants.

    Discover the full entry →

  10. Palmehuset

    🇳🇴 Tøyen Botanical Garden, Oslo, Norway · 1868

    Oslo's oldest palm tree grew here for nearly two centuries.

    Discover the full entry →

  11. Palmehuset

    🇩🇰 University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden, Denmark · 1872–1874

    Inspired by the Crystal Palace, this glass palace houses a cycad planted as early as 1824.

    Discover the full entry →

  12. Palm House (Palmimaja), Tallinn Botanic Garden

    🇪🇪 Tallinn, Estonia · 1999 · renovated 2021

    Designed by two figures of Estonian postmodern architecture, this glass tower was once a nominee for best concrete-and-glass building of the year.

    Discover the full entry →

  13. Palmu māja, University of Latvia Botanical Garden

    🇱🇻 Riga, Latvia · 1972 · renovated 2025

    A palm tree given in 1939 by national composer Jāzeps Vītols still grows beneath the renovated glasshouse of the largest tropical complex in the Baltic states.

    Discover the full entry →

  14. Palmusali (Kaisaniemen kasvitieteellinen puutarha)

    🇫🇮 Kaisaniemi Botanical Garden, Helsinki, Finland · 1889

    After the 1944 bombs, the giant water lily grew again from seeds left at the bottom of the frozen pool.

    Discover the full entry →

  15. Randers Regnskov (Tropical Zoo)

    🇩🇰 Randers, Denmark · 1996

    A zoo built entirely under glass domes, devoted to the tropical forests of Asia, Africa and America.

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  16. Sefton Park Palm House

    🇬🇧 Sefton Park, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom · 1896

    Given to Liverpool by a benefactor in 1896, this iron glasshouse had its glass blown out by a bomb during the 1941 Blitz.

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  17. Sheffield Winter Garden

    🇬🇧 Sheffield, United Kingdom · 2002

    One of the largest temperate glasshouses built in the UK in a century, framed entirely in glue-laminated larch.

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  18. Temperate House

    🇬🇧 Kew, London, United Kingdom · Opened: 1863 (central block), 1899 (wings)

    The largest surviving Victorian glasshouse in the world.

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  19. Victoriahuset (Victoria Greenhouse)

    🇸🇪 Bergianska trädgården, Stockholm, Sweden · 1899–1900

    A cast-iron dome of 1900 built for the giant Victoria water lily, whose flowers open only at night.

    Discover the full entry →

  20. Palm House and Greenhouses of the University of Tartu Botanical Garden

    🇪🇪 Tartu, Tartu County, Estonia · 1807 (first greenhouse); palm house 1984

    On a site in continuous use since 1806, a 22-metre palm house shelters more than fifty palm species, some over a century old.

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  21. Victorian Palm Houses, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

    🇬🇧 Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1834 / 1858

    Two A-listed palm houses, from 1834 and 1858, joined into a single space by a five-year restoration completed in October 2026.

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  22. Barbican Conservatory

    🇬🇧 London, England, United Kingdom · 1984

    An indoor rainforest perched on level 3 of the Barbican, built to wrap around the theatre's fly tower.

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  23. David Welch Winter Gardens (Duthie Park)

    🇬🇧 Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1899 / 1970

    One of Europe's largest indoor gardens, rebuilt in 1970 after gales destroyed the Victorian palm house of 1899.

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  24. People's Palace and Winter Gardens

    🇬🇧 Glasgow Green, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1898

    A large Victorian glasshouse attached to a red-sandstone "people's palace", closed since 2018 pending a £35.9m restoration.

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  25. RHS Garden Wisley Glasshouse (Bicentenary Glasshouse)

    🇬🇧 Wisley, Surrey, United Kingdom · 2007

    A 12 m-high glass nave opened in 2007 for the RHS bicentenary, bringing desert, tropical and temperate climates under one roof.

    Discover the full entry →

  26. Palmhuset (Trädgårdsföreningen)

    🇸🇪 Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden · 1878

    A glass-and-iron palace prefabricated in Scotland and raised in 1878, one of the few large Victorian palm houses to survive.

    Discover the full entry →

  27. Great Conservatory, Syon Park

    🇬🇧 Syon Park, Brentford (London), United Kingdom · 1826–1830 · restored 1986–87

    Its listing describes it as the first metal horticultural structure of any importance, completed around 1830.

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  28. Palm House, Bicton Park Botanical Gardens

    🇬🇧 Bicton, Devon, United Kingdom · ≈1820–1825 · renovated 1985

    Built around 1825, some twenty years before Kew's Palm House, its curving roof is glazed with about 18,000 small overlapping panes.

    Discover the full entry →

  29. The Pavilions, Sheffield Botanical Gardens

    🇬🇧 Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom · 1836–1838 · restored 2003

    Designed by Benjamin Broomhead Taylor after a competition judged by Joseph Paxton, the three domed pavilions reopened in 2003.

    Discover the full entry →

  30. Chiswick House Conservatory

    🇬🇧 Chiswick, London (Hounslow), United Kingdom · 1813 · rebuilt 1932–33 · restored 2007–2010

    Its camellia collection, with plants thought to date back to 1828, is one of the oldest in Europe grown under glass.

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  31. Princess of Wales Conservatory, Kew Gardens

    🇬🇧 Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames), United Kingdom · 1987

    Opened by Diana in 1987, it gathers ten computer-controlled climates under one roof, from cool desert to tropical rainforest.

    Discover the full entry →

  32. Waterlily House, Kew Gardens

    🇬🇧 Kew, London (Richmond upon Thames), United Kingdom · 1852 · under restoration since 2025

    When it opened in 1852 to show off the giant Victoria waterlily, it was the widest single-span glasshouse in the world.

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  33. Glasshouses, Birmingham Botanical Gardens

    🇬🇧 Edgbaston, Birmingham (West Midlands), United Kingdom · 1852–1884 · restored 1980s–1990s

    Built in 1852 partly to house the giant waterlily Victoria amazonica, the Tropical House is laid out around a raised circular pool.

    Discover the full entry →

  34. Glasshouse Range, Cambridge University Botanic Garden

    🇬🇧 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom · 1888–1891 · rebuilt in teak 1932–1934

    In 2004 the first flowering of its titan arum was broadcast live online and watched by more than half a million people.

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  35. Tropical Ravine (Belfast Botanic Gardens)

    🇬🇧 Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom · 1887–1889

    A Victorian glasshouse built around a sunken tropical glen that visitors look down on from a balcony.

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  36. Benmore Fernery

    🇬🇧 Benmore, near Dunoon (Argyll), Scotland, United Kingdom · Early 1870s (restored 2008–2009)

    A Victorian fernery built against a cliff face, left in ruins for about a century before its revival in 2009.

    Discover the full entry →

  37. Plantasia (Plantasia Tropical Zoo)

    🇬🇧 Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom · 1990

    A 1990 glass pyramid set in a retail park, where a rainforest and an arid zone now house more than forty animal species.

    Discover the full entry →

  38. Aberglasney Ninfarium

    🇬🇧 Llangathen, Carmarthenshire, Wales, United Kingdom · 2005

    A subtropical garden planted in the ruined rooms of a Welsh mansion, under a glass atrium completed in 2005.

    Discover the full entry →

  39. Paxton's Vinery (Lismore Castle Gardens)

    🇮🇪 Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland · 1853

    A Joseph Paxton glasshouse with the ridge-and-furrow roof of the Crystal Palace, believed to be the last of its design.

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  40. Kylemore Abbey Victorian Walled Garden glasshouses

    🇮🇪 Kylemore, Connemara (County Galway), Ireland · 1867–1871

    A Victorian garden that once had 21 glasshouses heated by 1,524 m of pipes, two of which have been rebuilt by the abbey's nuns.

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  41. Talvipuutarha (Helsinki Winter Garden)

    🇫🇮 Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland · 1891–1893

    Given by a patron to the Finnish Horticultural Society, this 1893 glasshouse has been open to the public free of charge since the day it opened.

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  42. Romeo and Julia pyramids (University of Oulu Botanical Garden)

    🇫🇮 Oulu, North Ostrobothnia, Finland ·

    Two glass pyramids, Romeo (16 m) and Julia (14 m), display some 1,200 exotic plants in one of the world's northernmost scientific gardens.

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  43. Vinterhaven, the Winter Garden of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek

    🇩🇰 Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark · 1906

    Planned in stone, the dome over the museum's winter garden was finally built in iron and glass, in the manner of late nineteenth-century glasshouses.

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  44. Væksthusene, Aarhus Botanical Garden greenhouses (Tropical House)

    🇩🇰 Aarhus, Central Jutland, Denmark · 1968–1970; tropical house 2014

    A tropical dome clad in ETFE cushions, its shape calculated to catch the winter sun and keep out much of the summer sun.

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  45. University of Turku Botanical Garden greenhouses (Ruissalo)

    🇫🇮 Turku, Southwest Finland, Finland ·

    In the largest of the six greenhouses, cockatiels and budgerigars fly freely above a pool of giant Victoria cruziana water lilies.

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  46. Paradehuset, Gisselfeld Kloster

    🇩🇰 Haslev, Zealand, Denmark · 1876

    The last show conservatory of its kind still in private hands in Denmark, restored from its original drawings and honoured by Europa Nostra in 2006.

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  47. Žiemos sodas, Winter Garden of the Kretinga Museum

    🇱🇹 Kretinga, Klaipėda County, Lithuania · c. 1875

    Created around 1875 to join two buildings of the Tiškevičius palace, this three-level winter garden was once lit by three electric arc lamps.

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  48. Universeum (Regnskogen rainforest)

    🇸🇪 Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, Sweden · 2001

    A South American rainforest rising through five levels inside a timber science centre that won Sweden's Träpriset in 2004.

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  49. Glasshouses and orangeries of Lund University Botanical Garden (Palmhuset)

    🇸🇪 Lund, Scania, Sweden ·

    Endangered cycads (Cycas zeylanica) planted in the 1860s grew right up to the roof and prompted a new palm house 3 metres taller.

    Discover the full entry →

  50. Tropical World (Arnold and Marjorie Ziff Tropical World)

    🇬🇧 Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom · 1911 · present building 1939

    In the Canal Gardens of Roundhay Park, the largest collection of tropical plants in the United Kingdom after Kew's.

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  51. Fernery and Conservatory (Orangery), Tatton Park

    🇬🇧 Knutsford, Cheshire, United Kingdom · 1818 · fernery 1859

    A tall Victorian fernery built in 1859 for New Zealand tree ferns, linked to a conservatory of 1818.

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  52. Glasshouses, Oxford Botanic Garden (University of Oxford)

    🇬🇧 Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom · 1851 · rebuilt 1893, 1949 and 1972

    The tank of the water lily house, built in 1851 in the wake of Paxton's success with Victoria, is the oldest part of the glasshouses.

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  53. Camellia House, Wollaton Hall

    🇬🇧 Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom · 1823

    A glasshouse of 1823 whose cast-iron Doric columns double as rainwater downpipes.

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  54. Great Vine House, Hampton Court Palace

    🇬🇧 Hampton, London (Richmond upon Thames), United Kingdom · 1969 · vine planted 1768

    A glasshouse built in 1969 over its predecessor so as not to disturb a vine planted in 1768 under Capability Brown's direction.

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  55. Botania, Joensuu Botanical Garden (Taidepuutarha Botania)

    🇫🇮 Joensuu, North Karelia, Finland · 1985

    Bought in 2018 by light artist Kari Kola, this former university garden hosts what it calls the world's northernmost tropical butterfly garden.

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  56. Conservatory of the National Botanic Garden of Latvia (Oranžērija)

    🇱🇻 Salaspils, Salaspils Municipality, Latvia · 2015

    Opened in 2015 with €3.4 million of EU funding, the conservatory displays over 2,100 taxa in four halls with different climates.

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  57. Avery Hill Winter Garden

    🇬🇧 Eltham, London (Greenwich), United Kingdom · 1889

    It is described as the second-largest Victorian glasshouse in the United Kingdom, after the Temperate House at Kew.

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  58. Palm House (Butterfly House), Williamson Park

    🇬🇧 Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom · c. 1909

    Paid for by Lord Ashton opposite the Ashton Memorial, this Edwardian palm house is now a tropical butterfly house.

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  59. Main Range glasshouses, Glasgow Botanic Gardens

    🇬🇧 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1883–1884

    Eleven glasshouse compartments in a row hold one of the most extensive begonia collections in the world.

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  60. The Orangery, Lyme Park

    🇬🇧 Disley, Cheshire, United Kingdom · 1815 · interior altered 1862

    An orangery of 1815 warmed by underfloor heating that used waste heat from the estate's brewhouse and laundry.

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  61. Plantehuset, the Muséhagen glasshouse (University of Bergen)

    🇳🇴 Bergen, Vestland, Norway · 1901

    A glasshouse delivered complete from Breslau in 1901 and donated by Conrad Mohr to the Bergen Museum's botanical garden.

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  62. Fjärilshuset Haga Ocean (Haga trädgård glasshouses)

    🇸🇪 Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden · 1989

    Free-flying tropical butterflies in the glasshouses of a former royal kitchen garden founded by Gustav III in 1785.

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  63. Victorian Conservatory, Wentworth Castle Gardens

    🇬🇧 Stainborough, Barnsley (South Yorkshire), United Kingdom · 1885

    Lit by electricity as early as 1886, it was among the first places in Britain to have electric light, ahead of Buckingham Palace.

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  64. The Orangery, Belton House

    🇬🇧 Belton, near Grantham (Lincolnshire), United Kingdom · 1821

    Jeffry Wyatville's design was shown at the Royal Academy in 1811, a decade before the orangery was finally built.

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  65. The Orangery (Palm House), Castle Ashby Gardens

    🇬🇧 Castle Ashby, near Northampton (Northamptonshire), United Kingdom · 1871-1872

    Beneath its octagonal glass dome, a large central pool holds more than a hundred fish and a wealth of water lilies.

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  66. Tropical House, Ventnor Botanic Garden

    🇬🇧 Ventnor, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom · 1986-1987

    Visitors enter through a mock derelict mineshaft that opens into the humid heat of a tropical rainforest.

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  67. Flower Garden and Melon Yard glasshouses (Lost Gardens of Heligan)

    🇬🇧 Pentewan, near St Austell (Cornwall), United Kingdom ·

    Heligan describes the pineapple pit in its Melon Yard as the only working manure-heated pineapple pit left in the UK.

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  68. The Living Rainforest

    🇬🇧 Hampstead Norreys, near Newbury (Berkshire), United Kingdom · 1993

    The glasshouses of a once-renowned orchid nursery, turned into a rainforest home for sloths, pygmy marmosets and dwarf caimans.

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  69. Glasshouses, Chelsea Physic Garden

    🇬🇧 Chelsea, London (Kensington and Chelsea), United Kingdom · 1902

    Founded in 1673, the garden is thought to have had England's first heated glasshouse; its 1902 teak glasshouses reopened in 2023.

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  70. Glasshouses, Winterbourne House and Garden

    🇬🇧 Edgbaston, Birmingham (West Midlands), United Kingdom · 1903

    A 1903 lean-to glasshouse, rebuilt in 2006, in the walled garden of an Arts and Crafts villa that became a university botanic garden.

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  71. Ascog Hall Victorian Fernery

    🇬🇧 Ascog, Isle of Bute (Argyll and Bute), Scotland, United Kingdom · c. 1870 (restored 1995–1997)

    A Todea barbara fern, already called a thousand years old in 1879, is the sole survivor of this sunken glasshouse's original collection.

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  72. The Conservatory, Pavilion Gardens

    🇬🇧 Buxton, Derbyshire, United Kingdom · 1870–1871 (tropical house since 1982)

    Designed in 1870 as a small concert hall with a stage and an organ, this cast-iron glasshouse has held tropical plants and a fish pond since 1982.

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  73. The Conservatory, Alton Towers Gardens

    🇬🇧 Alton (Farley), Staffordshire, United Kingdom · c. 1824 (restored 2017)

    Seven glazed cast-iron domes with pineapple finials crown this stone conservatory, built around 1824 for the 15th Earl of Shrewsbury.

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  74. The Orangery, Sezincote

    🇬🇧 Sezincote, near Moreton-in-Marsh (Gloucestershire), United Kingdom · 1800-1805

    A quarter-circle Mughal-style orangery with a glass roof and fifteen pointed arches, ending in an octagonal former aviary.

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  75. The Glasshouse, Clumber Park Walled Kitchen Garden

    🇬🇧 Clumber Park, near Worksop (Nottinghamshire), United Kingdom · 1910

    At 137 metres, it is the longest glasshouse anywhere in the care of the National Trust.

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  76. Winter Gardens, Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens

    🇬🇧 Sunderland, Tyne and Wear (England), United Kingdom · 2001

    Its Victorian predecessor, modelled on the Crystal Palace, was wrecked by a mine in 1941; a glass rotunda took its place in 2001.

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  77. Glasshouses, University of Bristol Botanic Garden

    🇬🇧 Stoke Bishop, Bristol (England), United Kingdom · 2005–2006

    The first university botanic garden created in the UK for nearly forty years, with a glasshouse where the giant water lily flowers.

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  78. Tropical House and Cactus House, Inverness Botanic Gardens

    🇬🇧 Inverness, Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1993

    At the UK's most northerly botanic garden, a tropical house with a waterfall and koi pool leads straight into a cactus house.

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  79. Monsoon Forest (Chester Zoo, Islands)

    🇬🇧 Chester (Upton-by-Chester), Cheshire, United Kingdom · 2015

    The UK's largest indoor zoo habitat, gutted by fire in 2018 and replanted with more than 2,600 new plants and trees.

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  80. Vine House, Audley End Kitchen Garden

    🇬🇧 Audley End, near Saffron Walden (Essex), United Kingdom ·

    A 52-metre vine house, restored in the 1990s, where grapevines more than a century old are still grown.

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  81. Orangery and Hothouses, Ripley Castle Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Ripley, near Harrogate (North Yorkshire), United Kingdom · 1817-1818

    Its gardeners grew bananas, papayas and pineapples here, and one pineapple variety, 'Ripley Queen', still carries the estate's name.

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  82. Belleisle Conservatory

    🇬🇧 Ayr, South Ayrshire (Scotland), United Kingdom · 1879

    Closed in 2005, this 1879 conservatory was rescued by a volunteer charity and reopened to the public in July 2016.

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  83. The Conservative Wall ("The Case"), Chatsworth

    🇬🇧 Chatsworth, near Bakewell (Derbyshire), United Kingdom · 1848–1850

    Two 'Captain Rawes' camellias planted in 1850 still grow behind the glazing that Joseph Paxton fitted to this heated wall.

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  84. Samuel Wyatt Vinery, Holkham Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Holkham, North Norfolk (Norfolk), United Kingdom · 1780

    Designed by Samuel Wyatt in 1780, this brick and Coade stone vinery came off the national Heritage at Risk Register in 2022.

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  85. The Crystal Palace (lost)

    🇬🇧 Hyde Park, then Sydenham Hill, London, United Kingdom · 1851

    Built in five months for the Great Exhibition of 1851, it was glazed with 293,000 panes made by Chance Brothers of Smethwick.

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  86. Camellia House, Wentworth Woodhouse

    🇬🇧 Wentworth, Rotherham (South Yorkshire), United Kingdom · 1738

    Nineteen camellias, counted among the oldest in the Western world, survived in this Georgian pavilion rescued from dereliction.

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  87. The Victorian Conservatory, Pearson Park

    🇬🇧 Kingston upon Hull (East Riding of Yorkshire), United Kingdom · 1891

    The third glasshouse on the same spot, this 185 m² replica follows the 1891 design and keeps cast-iron supports from its predecessor.

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  88. Victoria House (Victoriahuset, Tøyen Botanical Garden)

    🇳🇴 Oslo, Norway · 1874-1876

    Built for the giant Victoria water lily, it drew some 12,000 people in two days to see the plant in flower in 1931.

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  89. Victorian Glasshouses, West Dean Gardens

    🇬🇧 West Dean, near Chichester (West Sussex), United Kingdom ·

    Thirteen Victorian glasshouses by Foster & Pearson, derelict until their restoration in the early 1990s, are still used to grow fruit and flowers.

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  90. Alexandra Park Conservatory

    🇬🇧 Oldham, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom · 1907

    Supplied by Messenger in 1907, this timber-and-glass conservatory reopened in 2023 after a £460,000 restoration.

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  91. Glasshouses, Singleton Botanical Gardens

    🇬🇧 Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom ·

    Four landscaped glasshouses, tropical, temperate, economic and arid, replaced the wooden houses of the educational garden Swansea opened in 1926.

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  92. Orchard House, Cragside Formal Garden

    🇬🇧 Rothbury (Northumberland), United Kingdom · 1870s

    The last survivor of Lord Armstrong's glasshouses, it grew fruit trees in pots set on turntables so that every side could be turned to the sun.

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  93. Charles Darwin's Greenhouse and Hothouse, Down House

    🇬🇧 Downe (Orpington), Greater London, United Kingdom · 1863

    Darwin spent sixteen years here feeding sundews roast beef and boiled egg, the research behind his book Insectivorous Plants (1875).

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  94. Victorian Conservatory and Glasshouses, Ardgillan Castle

    🇮🇪 Balbriggan, County Dublin, Ireland · 1905

    Built in 1905 for the Jameson whiskey family at Seamount, Malahide, this conservatory was re-erected at Ardgillan in the mid-1990s.

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  95. Palmimaja, Palmse Manor Palm House

    🇪🇪 Palmse, Lahemaa National Park, Estonia · 1870s

    A manor glasshouse of the 1870s: a palm hall set between a peach wing and a vine wing, last renovated in 2014–2015.

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  96. Sommerlunden Tropical House (formerly Bornholm Butterfly Park)

    🇩🇰 Nexø, Bornholm, Denmark · 1997

    A 1,000 m² glasshouse from a former Bornholm nursery, planted as a tropical forest where exotic butterflies fly free.

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  97. Great Yarmouth Winter Gardens

    🇬🇧 Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom · 1878–1881

    Built in Torquay and shipped by barge to Norfolk, it is the last Victorian cast-iron and glass seaside winter garden in the country.

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  98. Tropical House, National Botanic Garden of Wales

    🇬🇧 Llanarthne, Carmarthenshire (Wales), United Kingdom · 2004

    Designed by the Welsh-born architect John Belle, it recreates a tropical rainforest within the garden's Double Walled Garden.

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  99. Logan Conservatory, Logan Botanic Garden

    🇬🇧 Port Logan, Dumfries and Galloway (Scotland), United Kingdom · 2014

    According to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the first public glasshouse in the UK heated entirely by green energy.

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  100. Farmleigh House Conservatory

    🇮🇪 Castleknock (Phoenix Park), Dublin, Ireland · 1901–1902

    The conservatory of a Guinness mansion that became the Irish State's guest house, completely re-glazed by the OPW.

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  101. Tropikhuset (Tropical House), Trädgårdsföreningen

    🇸🇪 Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden · 2004

    A 17-metre glass tetrahedron raised in 2004 beside the park's greenhouses to overwinter Mediterranean plants and house a restaurant.

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  102. Orchid House and Vine House, Helmsley Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Helmsley, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom ·

    The orchid house of Duncombe Park's kitchen garden, where a head gardener devised a way of glazing without putty.

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  103. Saughton Park Winter Garden

    🇬🇧 Saughton, Edinburgh (Scotland), United Kingdom · 1984

    A park glasshouse heated by ground-source heat pumps and an Archimedes screw on the Water of Leith, around a bust of Gandhi.

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  104. Sky Garden, 20 Fenchurch Street

    🇬🇧 City of London, London, United Kingdom · 2015

    London's highest public garden: three planted levels beneath the glazed crown of the 'Walkie-Talkie' tower.

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  105. Scampston Hall Conservatory (William Richardson glasshouse)

    🇬🇧 Scampston, near Malton, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom · 1894

    An 1894 Richardson glasshouse on a heated wall, given back its two wings by a £1 million restoration.

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  106. Tropical Greenhouse (Tropiska växthuset), Uppsala University Botanical Garden

    🇸🇪 Uppsala, Uppsala County, Sweden · 1930s

    Uppsala's only rainforest, saved from closure in 2005, holds a giant Victoria water lily with leaves up to two metres across.

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  107. Kadriorg Park Orangery (Kadrioru pargi oranžerii)

    🇪🇪 Kadriorg, Tallinn, Estonia · 2024

    A greenhouse complex opened in 2024, three half-cylinders of glass and metal built almost on the site of the old palace glasshouse.

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  108. The Pavilion (Gothic glasshouse), Abbotsford

    🇬🇧 Abbotsford, near Melrose (Scottish Borders), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1825 (plan drawn in 1823)

    Walter Scott's Gothic glasshouse, which recalls a medieval tent, still holds part of its small original panes of glass.

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  109. Large and Small Glasshouses, Malleny Garden

    🇬🇧 Balerno, Edinburgh (City of Edinburgh), Scotland, United Kingdom · Between 1883 and 1893 (dating given by the National Trust for Scotland)

    The whole roof apex of the small glasshouse lifts by a lever, a ventilation system the NTS knows of nowhere else.

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  110. Terrace glasshouses, Annesley Walled Garden (Castlewellan)

    🇬🇧 Castlewellan Forest Park, Castlewellan, County Down, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom · By 1871 (restored 2012–2014, then 2024–2026)

    Three Victorian glasshouses of 63 to 145 m² line the terrace of a walled garden in County Down, restored for the March 2026 reopening.

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  111. Luton Hoo Walled Garden glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Luton Hoo Estate, near Luton (Bedfordshire), England, United Kingdom · c. 1911

    Grade II listed glasshouses, the largest built for the Wernhers, being brought back by volunteers inside an octagonal walled garden.

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  112. The Glass House, Drumlanrig Castle Gardens

    🇬🇧 Drumlanrig Castle, near Thornhill (Dumfries and Galloway), Scotland, United Kingdom · c. 1877

    A large ten-bay Victorian glass house designed around 1877 by Charles Howitt, its roof rising over the rear wall to form a clerestory.

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  113. Victorian glasshouse, Glenarm Castle Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Glenarm, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom · 1860–1879

    A lean-to glasshouse over 50 m long on the north wall of the walled garden, still growing peaches, apricots and grapes according to a local guide.

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  114. Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouse, Kailzie Gardens

    🇬🇧 Kailzie, near Peebles (Scottish Borders), Scotland, United Kingdom · Late 19th century

    A Regency-style lean-to glasshouse by Mackenzie & Moncur, listed Category B, in an 1811 walled garden where fuchsias and pelargoniums fill the summer.

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  115. Walled garden glasshouses, Crathes Castle

    🇬🇧 Crathes Castle, near Banchory (Aberdeenshire), Scotland, United Kingdom · Around 1886 per the NTS; rebuilt in 1978 per HES

    Five stepped Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouses in the walled garden at Crathes, one of them holding Malmaison carnations listed by Plant Heritage.

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  116. Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouse, Gordon Castle Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Fochabers (Moray), Scotland, United Kingdom · Victorian period

    A restored Victorian Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouse in one of Britain's largest walled kitchen gardens, where tomatoes ripen in summer.

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  117. Richardson Glasshouse and Temperate House, Johnstown Castle walled garden

    🇮🇪 Johnstown Castle Estate, near Wexford, County Wexford, Ireland · Between 1865 and 1903

    A 50-metre lean-to glasshouse in a Wexford walled garden, recorded as a ruin in 2009 and restored by the Irish Heritage Trust.

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  118. Walled garden glasshouse, Strokestown Park

    🇮🇪 Strokestown, County Roscommon, Ireland · Late 1780s (according to the estate)

    Presented as the oldest restored glasshouse in Ireland and dated to the late 1780s by its estate, with a peach house and a vinery.

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  119. Osborne House walled garden glasshouses

    🇬🇧 East Cowes, Isle of Wight (England), United Kingdom · 1854

    Two lean-to glasshouses built in 1854 to show exotic plants in the walled garden of Victoria and Albert's family home.

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  120. Threave Garden walled garden display glasshouse

    🇬🇧 Threave Garden, Castle Douglas (Dumfries and Galloway), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1997 (reconstruction of a Victorian glasshouse; walled garden of 1872)

    At the end of a yew-lined avenue, a reconstructed Victorian glasshouse brings together three climates, cacti, orchids and koi carp.

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  121. Annala Orangery (Annalan orangeria)

    🇫🇮 Vanhakaupunki, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland · 1844

    A small orangery of 1844, built by the merchant Wasenius and restored in 1999-2001, now home to a collection of old pelargoniums.

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  122. Glasshouses of the Walled Gardens at Croome Court

    🇬🇧 Croome D'Abitot (Worcestershire), England, United Kingdom · 1805 (George Tod's vinery); restorations 2002-2025

    A Georgian walled garden whose fig, melon, tomato and pineapple houses have been brought back since 2000, with their heating tunnels.

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  123. Victorian Glasshouse in the walled garden at Staunton Farm (Staunton Country Park)

    🇬🇧 Havant (Hampshire), England, United Kingdom · First glasshouses in 1802; octagonal house restored in 1993

    In a walled garden built before 1833, a tropical glasshouse billed as the largest on the South Coast, with coconut palms, bananas and a giant water lily.

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  124. Fota House Frameyard glasshouses

    🇮🇪 Fota Island, near Cobh (County Cork), Ireland ·

    A rare range of Victorian glasshouses, found collapsed under vegetation and restored in 2011 by the Irish Heritage Trust.

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  125. Glass House and lean-to vinery, Turlough Park

    🇮🇪 Turlough, near Castlebar (County Mayo), Ireland · 1874–1875 (glasshouse rebuilt in 2000)

    A Victorian glasshouse of 1874-1875, destroyed by a storm in the 1930s and rebuilt in 2000 with its original floor tiles.

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  126. Kitchen Garden glasshouses (Vinery and Melon House), Kingston Lacy

    🇬🇧 Pamphill, near Wimborne Minster (Dorset), England, United Kingdom · 1876–1879

    A Victorian vinery, from a range of glasshouses first built in 1879, rebuilt on a new timber frame in a restored kitchen garden.

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  127. Vinery and Peach House, Culzean Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Culzean Castle, near Maybole (South Ayrshire), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1859 (original vinery according to Historic Environment Scotland); replica of 2000

    A 70 m vinery rebuilt in 2000 on the Victorian footings found by archaeologists, in one of Scotland's largest walled gardens.

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  128. Floors Castle Walled Garden glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Floors Castle, near Kelso (Scottish Borders), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1857

    According to the castle, the walled garden moved in 1857 still has its original vinery range, growing grapes, figs and peaches.

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  129. Grappenhall Heys Walled Garden glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Grappenhall, Warrington (Cheshire), United Kingdom · Around 1830 (estate); glasshouses rebuilt in 2013-2014

    Eight Foster & Pearson glasshouses, left derelict then rebuilt in timber in 2013-2014 with over a million pounds of heritage lottery money.

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  130. Botanical Glasshouse, The Walled Gardens of Cannington

    🇬🇧 Cannington, near Bridgwater (Somerset), England, United Kingdom ·

    Four climate zones under glass in the walled garden of a former Benedictine priory, officially opened in 2009.

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  131. The Orangery, Bitton House (Teignmouth Orangery)

    🇬🇧 Teignmouth (Devon), England, United Kingdom · 1842 (assumed date, found inscribed inside); restored 1985

    A 1842 orangery threatened with demolition in 1979, restored in 1985 and looked after ever since by a friends' association.

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  132. Peach House and Vinery, Greenway Walled Gardens

    🇬🇧 Greenway, Galmpton, near Brixham (Devon), England, United Kingdom · Walled gardens laid out between 1791 and 1839; peach house late 19th century

    A 120 ft peach house, one of the longest in Devon, and a restored heated vinery in the walled gardens of Agatha Christie's holiday home.

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  133. Orangery and glasshouses, Norton Conyers Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Norton Conyers, near Ripon (North Yorkshire), England, United Kingdom · Orangery before 1774 (it appears in a painting of that year); walled garden c. 1760

    A Grade II orangery at the centre of an 18th-century walled garden, flanked by two glasshouses: one fully glazed, the other partly.

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  134. Stratford Butterfly Farm (Rainforest Flight Area)

    🇬🇧 Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom · 1985

    A landscaped tropical greenhouse where about 2,000 butterflies fly free, presented by the farm as the largest display of its kind in the UK.

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  135. Endeavour Tropical House (former Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory), Lincoln Zoo

    🇬🇧 Newball, near Langworth, Lincoln (Lincolnshire), United Kingdom · 1989 (re-erected in 2016-2017)

    A 1989 glasshouse saved from demolition, taken apart bolt by bolt in Lincoln in 2016 and rebuilt with new glazing inside a zoo.

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  136. Walled Garden Glasshouses, Marchmont Estate (Hugo Burge Foundation)

    🇬🇧 Marchmont Estate, near Duns (Scottish Borders), United Kingdom · 1915

    A range of Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouses from 1915, restored after decades of neglect and reopened to the public in 2025 for the first time since 1981.

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  137. London Butterfly Gardens (Main Glasshouse), Hall Place

    🇬🇧 Bexley, London, United Kingdom ·

    A renovated glasshouse in the old kitchen garden of a Tudor manor, where hundreds of tropical butterflies have flown at 28 °C since July 2024.

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  138. Vine and Peach House and Tropical Glasshouse, Arundel Castle Gardens

    🇬🇧 Arundel, West Sussex, United Kingdom · 1852

    A Victorian vine and peach house, Grade II listed and restored in 2000, still planted inside the castle's organic kitchen garden.

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  139. Glasshouse, Dyffryn Gardens

    🇬🇧 St Nicholas, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom · 2011 (rebuilt)

    A long glasshouse rebuilt in 2011 on the footprint of the one where Reginald Cory grew his tender plants, with cactus and orchid houses.

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  140. Glasshouses, Durham University Botanic Garden

    🇬🇧 Durham, County Durham (England), United Kingdom · 1970s

    1970s research glasshouses turned into display houses: rain on demand, a cactus house, scorpions and tarantulas.

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  141. Conservatory and Orangery, Glenveagh Castle Walled Garden

    🇮🇪 Glenveagh National Park, County Donegal, Ireland · 1957

    A Gothic Revival conservatory and orangery designed around 1957 by a French cultural historian form the entrance to the walled garden.

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  142. Glasshouses and Victorian Conservatory, Talbot Botanic Gardens, Malahide Castle

    🇮🇪 Malahide, County Dublin, Ireland ·

    Seven glasshouses shelter Lord Milo Talbot's southern-hemisphere collection, around a domed Victorian conservatory moved from a convent.

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  143. Georgian Glasshouse, Mount Congreve Walled Garden

    🇮🇪 Kilmeaden, County Waterford, Ireland · Between 1840 and 1850

    At the centre of Mount Congreve's walled garden, a Georgian glasshouse with a double-height palm house and propagation wings, now under restoration.

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  144. Roath Park Conservatory (Tropical House)

    🇬🇧 Roath Park, Cardiff (Wales), United Kingdom · c. 1975

    A 43 m by 19.5 m temperate glasshouse built around 1975 on the site of two older houses, with mixed glass and polycarbonate glazing since 1988.

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  145. Tropical House (“Energy for Life”), Marwell Zoo

    🇬🇧 Colden Common, Hampshire, United Kingdom · 2018

    A zoo rainforest house under 17 three-layer ETFE cushions, heated since 2021 with the zoo's own animal waste.

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  146. Blackburn Pavilion (tropical bird pavilion, former 1883 reptile house), London Zoo

    🇬🇧 Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom · 1882-1883 · renovated 2008

    A Victorian reptile house of 1883, turned in 2008 into a tropical forest walk-through under a partly glazed roof.

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  147. Southeast Asian Rainforest House (Kagu-Aasia vihmamets), Tallinn Zoo

    🇪🇪 Tallinn (Veskimetsa), Estonia · 2023

    A Southeast Asian rainforest hall under inflated ETFE roof cushions, opened in 2023 at Tallinn Zoo and overhauled in 2025-2026.

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  148. Greenhouses of Rosendals Trädgård (Växthusen)

    🇸🇪 Djurgården, Stockholm, Sweden ·

    A café, a plant shop and a party venue under glass, in the biodynamic garden of Djurgården that inherits a nineteenth-century gardeners' school.

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  149. Risøbank greenhouses (wood and cast iron, 1901, restored 1992)

    🇳🇴 Risøbank, Furulunden, Mandal (Lindesnes), Agder, Norway · 1901

    Wood-and-cast-iron greenhouses of 1901, slated for demolition in 1977, restored in 1992 and protected in 1994.

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  150. Rosendal Drivhus (greenhouse rebuilt in 2004), Baroniet Rosendal

    🇳🇴 Baroniet Rosendal, Rosendal, Kvinnherad (Vestland), Norway · 2004

    A protected 2004 copy of the barony's greenhouse, where lunch is served under a glass roof among citrus, geraniums and roses.

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  151. Hospitalfield Fernery and Glasshouse Café

    🇬🇧 Hospitalfield, Arbroath, Angus, Scotland, United Kingdom · 1872; restored and extended 2021

    A Victorian mock-ruin fernery of 1872 for New Zealand tree ferns, given a contemporary glass roof in 2021.

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  152. Treborth Botanic Garden Glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, United Kingdom ·

    Five glasshouses with distinct climates, from rainforest (18 to 35 °C) to carnivorous plants, in a university botanic garden on the Menai Strait.

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  153. University of Dundee Botanic Garden Glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Riverside Drive, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom ·

    A glasshouse with tropical, temperate and arid compartments in a university garden opened in 1971, which the university proposes to leave in 2027.

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  154. Palm House, Stanmer Park (Sussex Butterfly Gardens)

    🇬🇧 Stanmer Park, Brighton and Hove, England, United Kingdom · 1952

    A 1952 Palm House by Hartleys, one of the last three of its kind in England, turned into a tropical butterfly garden in May 2026.

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  155. Orangery, Peckover House

    🇬🇧 Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom · 2013 (rebuilt)

    A Victorian orangery recreated in 2013 in timber and glass, housing three orange trees that the National Trust says are over 300 years old.

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  156. Conservatory, Arlington Court

    🇬🇧 Arlington, near Barnstaple, Devon, England, United Kingdom · 2012 (rebuilt)

    A conservatory rebuilt in 2012 on the model of the 1925 one, topped by the heron and eel emblem of the Chichester family.

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  157. Foster & Pearson glasshouse in the walled garden, The Weir Garden

    🇬🇧 Swainshill, Herefordshire, United Kingdom · Late 1920s

    A 70-foot Foster & Pearson glasshouse set in a three-walled kitchen garden in the 1920s and since restored by the National Trust.

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  158. Woolbeding Glasshouse (Silk Route Garden), Woolbeding Gardens

    🇬🇧 Midhurst, West Sussex, United Kingdom · 2022

    A Heatherwick Studio glasshouse whose ten steel "sepals" open in four minutes into a crown, then close over subtropical plants.

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  159. Iron glasshouse (The Glass House), Hoveton Hall Gardens

    🇬🇧 Hoveton, Norfolk, United Kingdom · c. 1809-1812

    A Grade II* glasshouse of about 1809-1812, an early use of rolled wrought iron; the estate counts it among three or four surviving iron glasshouses.

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  160. Boulton & Paul glasshouse range, Raveningham Hall Gardens

    🇬🇧 Raveningham, Norfolk, United Kingdom · Late 19th century

    A late 19th-century Boulton & Paul glasshouse of iron and timber at the heart of a walled kitchen garden brought back into working order.

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  161. Victorian glasshouse range, Tregrehan Garden

    🇬🇧 Tregrehan, near Par, Cornwall, United Kingdom · 1845

    A glasshouse range some 60 m long built in the mid-1840s in a walled garden, re-glazed, roof included, in the early 1990s.

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  162. Halliday Conservatory, Sunnycroft

    🇬🇧 Wellington, Telford, Shropshire, United Kingdom · 1899

    A Victorian timber-and-glass conservatory with stained-glass panels by R. Halliday & Co., one of the few by that maker still standing, restored from 2021.

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  163. Victorian glasshouses and grotto, Portmore walled garden

    🇬🇧 Eddleston, near Peebles (Scottish Borders), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1898 (glasshouse range); grotto after 1911

    A glasshouse range of 1898 along the north wall of a walled garden, opening onto an Italianate grotto planted with ferns.

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  164. Glasshouses and Jubilee Conservatory, Balmoral Castle South Gardens

    🇬🇧 Balmoral, near Ballater (Aberdeenshire), Scotland, United Kingdom · 1856–1857 (listed glasshouses); conservatory 2002

    A group of glasshouses of 1856–1857, listed Category B, in the gardens of the royal castle, with a conservatory built for the 2002 Golden Jubilee.

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  165. Butterfly House, Whipsnade Zoo

    🇬🇧 Whipsnade, near Dunstable, Bedfordshire (England), United Kingdom · 2015

    A chrysalis-shaped timber dome under twin-skin ETFE has housed more than 30 butterfly species since 2015.

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  166. Fern Dome (geodesic) and Conservatory, Attadale Gardens

    🇬🇧 Strathcarron, Wester Ross, Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom ·

    A translucent geodesic dome shelters a collection of tender ferns in a sunken garden in Wester Ross.

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  167. Tyntesfield Orangery

    🇬🇧 Wraxall, near Bristol (North Somerset), United Kingdom · 1897

    A neoclassical orangery of 1897 by Walter Cave, rescued from ruin by the National Trust and open to visitors again.

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  168. Standen House Conservatory

    🇬🇧 East Grinstead (West Sussex), United Kingdom · 1892–1894

    A glass-roofed conservatory by Philip Webb, where a hare's foot fern has been growing for more than a century.

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  169. Falkland Palace Victorian Glasshouse

    🇬🇧 Falkland, Fife (Scotland), United Kingdom · 1890s

    A renovated Victorian glasshouse by Mackenzie & Moncur, home to what the Trust calls Scotland's most comprehensive pelargonium collection.

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  170. Inveresk Lodge Garden Lean-to Glasshouse

    🇬🇧 Inveresk, Musselburgh (East Lothian, Scotland), United Kingdom · 1853 (presumed)

    A lean-to glasshouse thought to date from 1853, with pelargoniums in one house and figs, grapes and peaches in the other.

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  171. Torre Abbey Palm House and Arid House

    🇬🇧 Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom · 1969 (Palm House)

    A 1969 aluminium-framed palm house holding rare palms donated by Kew, in the gardens of an abbey founded in 1196.

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  172. Soane's Pinery-Vinery Glasshouse, Wimpole Walled Garden

    🇬🇧 Wimpole Estate, Arrington (Cambridgeshire), England, United Kingdom · 1790s; rebuilt 1999

    A pineapple-and-vine house designed by Soane in the 1790s, badly damaged by a bomb in 1941 and rebuilt in 1999.

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  173. Victorian Walled Garden Glasshouses, Quex Gardens

    🇬🇧 Quex House and Gardens, Birchington-on-Sea (Kent), England, United Kingdom · Walled garden of the 1840s; glasshouses upgraded from the late 1890s

    A range of Victorian glasshouses, from a rare cucumber pit to vine and orchid houses, made by Weeks of Chelsea and Mackenzie & Moncur.

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  174. Cactus and Succulent Glasshouse (Display House), Capel Manor Gardens

    🇬🇧 Capel Manor Gardens, Bulls Cross, Enfield (London), United Kingdom ·

    A cactus and succulent glasshouse in the walled garden of a north London estate, run in partnership with the British Cactus and Succulent Society.

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  175. The Glasshouse, Jephson Gardens

    🇬🇧 Jephson Gardens, Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England, United Kingdom · Completed 2002; opened 2003

    A contemporary structural-glass glasshouse, opened in 2003 above the River Leam in a restored Victorian park.

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  176. Cliffe Castle Park glasshouses (Dome House)

    🇬🇧 Cliffe Castle Park, Keighley, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom · Rebuilt 2016-2017 from a Victorian original of the 1870s-1880s

    A Victorian glasshouse demolished and rebuilt in 2017 on its original footprint, with a central dome and a cactus collection.

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  177. Quarry Bank curvilinear glasshouse

    🇬🇧 Quarry Bank, Styal (Wilmslow), Cheshire, England, United Kingdom · 1820s or 1830s; restored 2015 to early 2017

    One of the earliest surviving curvilinear iron glasshouses, restored by 2017 with over 7,500 hand-made panes.

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  178. Calderglen Tropical Conservatory (Calderglen Conservatory)

    🇬🇧 Calderglen Country Park, East Kilbride (South Lanarkshire, Scotland), United Kingdom ·

    A tropical conservatory in a Scottish public park, with plants grouped by continent, whose roof was replaced in 2025-2026.

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  179. Alexandra Park Greenhouse

    🇬🇧 Alexandra Park, Hastings (East Sussex), United Kingdom · 1934

    A teak-and-cast-iron greenhouse bought by Hastings in 1934, left derelict from the 1980s and restored by volunteers.

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  180. Walton Hall and Gardens Glasshouses and Conservatory Range

    🇬🇧 Higher Walton, Warrington (Cheshire), United Kingdom ·

    Closed in 1993, this council-owned conservatory range was restored with about GBP 2 million of National Lottery money and reopened in October 2019.

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  181. Queen Elizabeth Temperate House (Savill Garden)

    🇬🇧 Windsor Great Park, Englefield Green (Surrey), United Kingdom · 1995

    A temperate house opened by Elizabeth II on 25 April 1995 in the Savill Garden, with winter-flowering mahonias, correas and camellias.

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  182. The Vinery, Arley Hall (kitchen garden forcing house)

    🇬🇧 Arley Hall & Gardens, Aston by Budworth, near Northwich, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom · 1872-1873 according to the garden; c. 1850 according to the listing

    A Grade II listed vinery against the Arley Hall kitchen garden, where fig trees, passion flowers and the cafe's tomatoes grow together.

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  183. Display House and alpine glasshouses, Holehird Gardens

    🇬🇧 Holehird Gardens, Patterdale Road, Windermere, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom · Alpine house: 2000; Display House: 2017

    Volunteer-run glasshouses in the Lake District: a Display House of 2017 kept at 5 °C minimum and an alpine house built in 2000.

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  184. Pudsey Park Glasshouse (The Really Wild Café)

    🇬🇧 Pudsey Park, Church Lane, Pudsey, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom · Partly reopened in July 2026

    A park glasshouse closed from 2020 to 2026, reopened in July as a cafe among tropical plants, ahead of a zoo next door.

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  185. Camellia House, Woburn Abbey

    🇬🇧 Woburn, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom · 1822

    An 1822 conservatory by Wyatville for the 6th Duke of Bedford, listed Grade I, where camellias flowered from November to April.

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  186. Blenheim Palace Butterfly House

    🇬🇧 Woodstock, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom · 1980s; present structure 2014, renovated 2024

    A tropical glasshouse in Blenheim's Walled Garden, open since the 1980s, where butterflies from around the world share the space with zebra finches.

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  187. Reconstructed Victorian Glasshouse Range, Myddelton House Gardens

    🇬🇧 Enfield, London, United Kingdom · Reconstruction; restored in 2011 according to the park

    Kitchen-garden glasshouses rebuilt on the rediscovered footings of the original range, with a vine house, a sunken Peach House and four climatic zones.

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  188. Walled-garden glasshouse, Hinton Ampner

    🇬🇧 Hinton Ampner, Hampshire, United Kingdom ·

    A lean-to glasshouse against the brick wall of the walled garden, where the National Trust displays exotic houseplants at waist height.

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  189. Vine House and Peach House, Florence Court kitchen garden

    🇬🇧 Florence Court, County Fermanagh (Northern Ireland), United Kingdom · 2023

    Two glasshouses rebuilt in 2023 on the footprint of the originals, which had fallen into decline after 1947.

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  190. Fox Talbot's Botanic Garden glasshouse, Lacock Abbey

    🇬🇧 Lacock, near Chippenham (Wiltshire), England, United Kingdom · 2003–2008 (reconstruction of a late 19th-century glasshouse; botanic garden created from 1827)

    In the walled garden where Fox Talbot grew tender plants under glass, a white glasshouse rebuilt in 2003–2008 on the site of a 19th-century one.

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  191. Væksthuset (camellia greenhouse), Geografisk Have, Kolding

    🇩🇰 Kolding, Southern Denmark, Denmark ·

    An unheated glasshouse in Kolding's botanical garden, devoted to a large camellia collection that flowers from the very start of spring.

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  192. The Glasshouse at Wray Castle

    🇬🇧 Wray Castle, near Ambleside, Low Wray (Cumbria), United Kingdom · About 1845 (according to Historic England's list entry)

    A three-bay stone glasshouse under a glazed pyramidal roof, beside a battlemented tower, restored by the National Trust.

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  193. The Orangery, Mapperton Gardens

    🇬🇧 Mapperton, near Beaminster (Dorset), United Kingdom · 1960s

    A classical orangery of the 1960s under a glass roof, overlooking the Fountain Court and sheltering vines and avocados.

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  194. The Vinery (pinery-vinery), Fulham Palace walled garden

    🇬🇧 Fulham, London (London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham), United Kingdom · 1810s-1820s (Bishop Howley); rebuilt in 2010

    A pinery-vinery of the bishops of London, ruined then rebuilt in 2010, now growing tomatoes and cucumbers in a walled garden.

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  195. Tropics and Deserts glasshouses (Tropical Trails and Arid Lands), Paignton Zoo

    🇬🇧 Paignton Zoo, Totnes Road, Paignton, Torbay (Devon), United Kingdom · 1934 (Tropical House); 1996 (Desert House); 2000 (Reptile Tropics, now Tropical Trails)

    Two glasshouses in a row early on the zoo route: a tropical garden with sloths, reptiles and birds, then a cactus desert.

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  196. Overbeck's Garden Conservatory (lean-to conservatory of the house)

    🇬🇧 Sharpitor, Salcombe, Devon, United Kingdom ·

    A timber-and-glass conservatory against Overbeck's house, where the National Trust cites cacti and succulents more than two metres tall.

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  197. Monk's House Conservatory (Leonard Woolf's cactus collection)

    🇬🇧 Rodmell, near Lewes, East Sussex, United Kingdom ·

    Monk's House conservatory holds the cactus and succulent collection that Leonard Woolf built up over nearly thirty years.

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  198. Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouse, Geilston Garden walled garden

    🇬🇧 Cardross, Argyll and Bute (Scotland), United Kingdom · 19th century; walled garden dated 1797

    A restored Victorian glasshouse by Mackenzie & Moncur whose cast-iron pipes and floor grilles still warm seedlings after more than a century.

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  199. Glasshouses of the Chantry Walled Garden (ActivLives plant nursery), Chantry Park

    🇬🇧 Chantry Park, Ipswich, Suffolk, United Kingdom · Late 20th century (present glasshouses)

    The glasshouses of an eighteenth-century walled kitchen garden in a registered Ipswich park, now a charity's plant nursery.

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  200. University of Leicester Botanic Garden Glasshouses

    🇬🇧 Oadby, Leicester (Leicestershire), United Kingdom ·

    Glasshouses in a university botanic garden: desert, alpine, warm-temperate and tropical, with a collection of Balearic Islands species.

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  201. Victorian glasshouses of the Formal Gardens, Birr Castle Demesne

    🇮🇪 Birr, County Offaly, Ireland · Victorian period; restoration begun in 2026

    Four Victorian glasshouses in Birr's walled garden, whose restoration, begun in 2026, uncovered the original heating pipework.

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Western Europe — France, the Low Countries, the German-speaking world

France, Belgium and the Netherlands each have their own tradition of winter gardens and royal greenhouses, often tied to a historic estate. Germany and Austria, meanwhile, hold some of Europe's richest catalogues thanks to their large university and zoological botanical gardens.

  1. Wilhelma Amazon House

    🇩🇪 Stuttgart, Germany · 1999

    A forest path runs through a recreated Amazon rainforest where some twenty bird species fly free.

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  2. Burgers' Bush

    🇳🇱 Burgers' Zoo, Arnhem, Netherlands · 1988

    The first fully enclosed rainforest at this scale, since imitated by zoos around the world.

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  3. Edenya (Pairi Daiza)

    🇧🇪 Pairi Daiza, Brugelette (Hainaut), Belgium · 2026

    Certified by Guinness World Records in 2026 as the world's largest tropical greenhouse: 40,447 m² under glass.

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  4. Gondwanaland

    🇩🇪 Leipzig Zoo, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany · 2011

    Beneath a roof spanning 154 m, boats follow the Gamanil river through the forests of three continents.

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  5. Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes

    🇫🇷 Paris, Île-de-France, France · 1834–1836

    Rohault de Fleury's two cast-iron and glass pavilions, designed from 1834, mark the beginning of metal architecture in France.

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  6. Great Glasshouses of the Parc de la Tête d'Or

    🇫🇷 Lyon, France · 1877–1880

    Nicknamed the 'cathedral of glass and steel', they hold a cycad planted at the 1883 opening — the botanical garden's oldest resident.

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  7. Großes Tropenhaus

    🇩🇪 Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden, Germany · 1905–1907

    A permanent equatorial microclimate since 1907.

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  8. Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil

    🇫🇷 Paris, France · 1895–1898

    The City of Paris's greenhouse garden, where plants for municipal buildings were once produced.

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  9. Masoala-Halle

    🇨🇭 Zurich, Switzerland · 2001–2003

    An entire Madagascan rainforest under a single arched roof.

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  10. Karlsaue Orangery

    🇩🇪 Kassel, Germany · 1701–1739

    A princely orangery that served as both a summer residence and a citrus house.

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  11. Orangery of the Palace of Versailles

    🇫🇷 Versailles, France · 1684–1686

    Designed by Hardouin-Mansart to shelter more than a thousand of Louis XIV's orange trees in winter.

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  12. Palmengarten

    🇩🇪 Frankfurt am Main, Germany · 1869–1871

    Born when Frankfurt citizens bought the Duke of Nassau's winter-garden collection.

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  13. Palmenhaus Schönbrunn (Great Palm House)

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Schönbrunn Palace Park, Austria · 1880–1882

    Three climates, kept at minimums of 6 to 18 °C, under 4,900 m² of scale-like glazing hung on an iron frame of 1882.

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  14. Burggarten Palmenhaus

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Austria · 1902–1906

    An art nouveau glasshouse built for the imperial court, now divided between a restaurant, a butterfly house and a public glasshouse.

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  15. Palmenkas (Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam)

    🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands · 1911–1912

    A rare Amsterdam School glasshouse, built to keep a brilliant botanist from leaving.

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  16. Regenwaldhaus

    🇦🇹 Tiergarten Schönbrunn (Vienna Zoo), Austria · 2002

    An Asian rainforest slope recreated under glass, at the heart of the world's oldest zoo.

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  17. Regenwaldhaus (Rainforest House)

    🇩🇪 Krefeld Zoo, Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1998

    Under a timber and Plexiglas roof, most of its forty or so animal species move about with no visible barriers.

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  18. Royal Greenhouses of Laeken

    🇧🇪 Brussels, Belgium · 1874–1905

    Open to the public for only a few weeks each year, in spring.

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  19. Victoriakas (Hortus Botanicus Leiden)

    🇳🇱 Leiden, Netherlands · 1870 · current house 1936–1938

    Beneath a cast-iron crown, giant water lilies have reigned since 1870.

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  20. Wintertuin (Winter Garden)

    🇧🇪 Antwerp Zoo, Belgium · 1897

    The winter garden of one of the world's oldest zoos, where tropical butterflies sometimes flutter beneath a 19th-century glass roof.

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  21. Plantenpaleis (Plant Palace) of Meise Botanic Garden

    🇧🇪 Meise, Flemish Brabant, Belgium · 1947-1958

    A complex of thirteen large glasshouses, inaugurated in 1958, whose twenty-year renovation ended in spring 2023.

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  22. Balat Greenhouse (Balatkas or Kroonserre) of Meise Botanic Garden

    🇧🇪 Meise, Flemish Brabant, Belgium · 1854

    Designed in 1854 by Alphonse Balat for giant water lilies, this octagonal glasshouse was moved twice before reaching Meise.

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  23. Greenhouses of the Liège Botanical Garden

    🇧🇪 Liège, Wallonia, Belgium · 1841-1883

    Victorian-style glasshouses whose two 17-metre rotundas were destroyed by a flying bomb on 24 December 1944.

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  24. Glasshouses of the Ghent University Botanical Garden (Plantentuin UGent)

    🇧🇪 Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium · 1970-1972

    Four public glasshouses of the 1970s replaced those built by Louis Cloquet when the garden moved here in 1903.

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  25. Glasshouses of the TU Delft Hortus Botanicus

    🇳🇱 Delft, South Holland, Netherlands · 1922

    A glasshouse complex built in 1922 to study tropical plants of industrial use, centred on the large Van Iterson house.

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  26. Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg

    🇩🇪 Munich, Bavaria, Germany · 1910–1912

    Three great halls and eleven smaller houses modelled on Frankfurt's Palmengarten, crowned by a palm-house dome more than 20 m high.

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  27. Viktoriahaus and Tropenhaus of the University of Basel Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland · 1898 (Viktoriahaus); 2023 (Tropenhaus)

    An 1898 iron-and-glass dome built for the giant water lily, now beside a new Tropenhaus with a walk-through cloud forest house.

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  28. Gewächshäuser of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Bonn

    🇩🇪 Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1979–1984

    A glasshouse complex rebuilt in 1979-1984 on the foundations of the nineteenth-century houses, where the titan arum flowers from time to time.

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  29. Schaugewächshäuser of the Karlsruhe Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1853–1857

    Three iron-and-glass houses designed by Heinrich Hübsch, destroyed in 1944-1945, rebuilt and then restored until 2018.

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  30. Schaugewächshäuser of the Flora and Botanical Garden of Cologne

    🇩🇪 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2026

    Three parabolic steel-and-glass wings opened in June 2026, with a canopy walkway through a tropical house and a desert canyon.

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  31. Pflanzenschauhäuser of the Grugapark

    🇩🇪 Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1985

    Three glass pyramids of 1985 housing rainforest, cloud forest and succulents, reopened in 2021 under membrane-cushion roofs.

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  32. Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Nantes (Palmarium and Orangery)

    🇫🇷 Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France · 1895-1900

    A Palmarium opened in 1896 under a 10 m dome, and a salvaged winter garden that now shelters the cactus collection.

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  33. Bary Greenhouse (former Victoria House), University of Strasbourg Botanical Garden

    🇫🇷 Strasbourg, Grand Est, France · 1884-1885

    The last survivor of the grand imperial glasshouses of 1884, this twelve-sided house was built for the giant Victoria water lily and remains unique in France.

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  34. Equatorial Dome, ZooParc de Beauval

    🇫🇷 Saint-Aignan, Centre-Val de Loire, France · 2017-2020

    A 38 m glass dome opened in 2020: a steel frame of about 1,000 tonnes shelters an equatorial forest and close to 25,000 animals.

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  35. Equatorial Greenhouse, Jardin des plantes de Lille

    🇫🇷 Lille, Hauts-de-France, France · 1969-1970

    A brutalist glasshouse of 1970 with a flower-petal plan, set on three concrete piers, likened to the Barbican conservatory in London.

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  36. Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Rouen (central greenhouse of 1842)

    🇫🇷 Rouen, Normandy, France · 1839-1842

    A cast-iron and glass central greenhouse of 1839-1842, listed in 1975, extended by seven houses of 1884 and tropical houses of 1936.

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  37. Orangery and Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Montpellier

    🇫🇷 Montpellier, Occitanie, France · 1802-1806 (orangery); 1860 (Martins greenhouse)

    In France's oldest botanical garden, an orangery of 1806 with thirteen glazed bays and a Martins greenhouse of 1860 devoted to cacti and succulents.

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  38. Orangerieschloss (Orangery Palace, Sanssouci)

    🇩🇪 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany · 1851–1864

    The last and largest palace built in Sanssouci Park, whose two side halls still shelter more than 1,000 potted plants each winter.

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  39. Wilhelma Historic Glasshouses (Kuppelhäuser)

    🇩🇪 Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1852–1853

    Prefabricated cast-iron glasshouses of 1852-53, built to overwinter orange trees and grow the giant Victoria water lily, now aviaries.

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  40. botanika (Rhododendron Park glasshouses, Bremen)

    🇩🇪 Bremen, Germany · 2003

    Asian landscapes under glass, from the Himalaya to Borneo and Japan, sheltering the world's largest collection of rhododendrons.

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  41. Tropical Glasshouses of Planten un Blomen (Tropengewächshäuser)

    🇩🇪 Hamburg, Germany · 1963

    A 1963 group of five glasshouses whose glazing hangs from external profiles, leaving the interior free of supports.

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  42. Great Tropical Greenhouse of Parc Phœnix ("Green Diamond")

    🇫🇷 Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France · 1990

    One of Europe's largest single-span glasshouses, with no intermediate supports, nicknamed the "Green Diamond".

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  43. Noilly-Prat Tropical Greenhouse, Jardin botanique E. M. Heckel (Parc Borély)

    🇫🇷 Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France · 1870

    An 1870 winter garden moved in 1982 from a vermouth family's estate, closed since 2004 and awaiting restoration.

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  44. Botanical Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes Joséphine Baker

    🇫🇷 Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France ·

    Three greenhouses with different climates in a municipal botanical garden dating from 1842, renovated in 2003 in the spirit of 1845 glasshouses.

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  45. Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique Henri Gaussen

    🇫🇷 Toulouse, Occitanie, France ·

    A university botanical garden founded in 1796 and reopened in 2008, whose greenhouses cover humid rainforest, succulents and carnivorous plants.

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  46. Tropical Greenhouse of La Ferme aux crocodiles

    🇫🇷 Pierrelatte, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France · 1994

    A huge tropical greenhouse in the Drôme, heated by hot water from the cooling circuit of the Eurodif plant on the Tricastin nuclear site.

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  47. Greenhouses of the Metz Botanical Garden

    🇫🇷 Montigny-lès-Metz, Grand Est, France · 1861 (rebuilt c. 1880-1882)

    Iron glasshouses born of Metz's 1861 exhibition, moved into the botanical garden and the subject of a restoration programme since 2017.

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  48. The Biome: greenhouses of the Besançon Botanical Garden

    🇫🇷 Besançon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France · 2025

    Besançon's botanical garden, founded in 1726, regained brand-new greenhouses in 2025 on the Bouloie campus after seven years without them.

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  49. Tropical greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes de Caen

    🇫🇷 Caen, Normandy, France · 1988 (present exhibition houses; earlier houses from the 19th century)

    The older houses, destroyed along with the orangery in the 1944 bombardments, were replaced in 1988 by exhibition houses for exotic plants.

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  50. Rotunda greenhouse of the Château des Ravalet

    🇫🇷 Tourlaville (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin), Normandy, France · 1873-1875

    A rare nineteenth-century rotunda greenhouse still standing in Normandy, where pineapples and bananas were grown for the château's guests.

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  51. Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de la Bastide

    🇫🇷 Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France · 2005–2007

    Seven greenhouses carried by a frame of whole tree trunks and topped by a photovoltaic canopy, on the right bank of the Garonne.

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  52. Greenhouses and Orangery of the Parc du Thabor

    🇫🇷 Rennes, Brittany, France · 1862–1863

    Iron-and-glass greenhouses with three domed pavilions, bombed in 1944 and replaced by concrete houses that now shelter cacti.

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  53. Greenhouses of the Jardin botanique de Tours (Biodivers houses and Jeanne Barret greenhouse)

    🇫🇷 Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France · 1869

    Nineteenth-century collection houses, renovated since 2007 around South African flora, tropical understory and useful tropical plants.

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  54. Greenhouses of the Jardin des plantes d'Orléans (Grande serre and tropical house)

    🇫🇷 Orléans, Centre-Val de Loire, France · 1834–1836

    A neoclassical great greenhouse of 1836 and a tropical house built in the orangery in 1834, beside the Loire.

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  55. Tropical Greenhouses of the Conservatoire botanique national de Brest

    🇫🇷 Brest, Brittany, France ·

    Four climate rooms devoted to more than 200 taxa, 95% of them threatened, in the Stang-Alar valley.

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  56. Greenhouse (orangery) of the Jardin Massey

    🇫🇷 Tarbes, Occitanie, France · 1880-1886

    A metal greenhouse with a glazed dome, built by the city of Tarbes in place of the winter garden Placide Massey had planned.

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  57. Toulouse Municipal Greenhouses (boulevard de la Marne)

    🇫🇷 Toulouse, Occitanie, France · 1877-1893

    Nineteenth-century greenhouses dismantled at the Jardin des Plantes and rebuilt on boulevard de la Marne, where they grow 330,000 plants a year.

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  58. Grande Serre of the Parc zoologique de Paris (Vincennes Zoo)

    🇫🇷 Paris 12th arrondissement, Île-de-France, France · 2014

    A 4,000 m² tropical glasshouse built when the Vincennes zoo was entirely reconstructed and reopened in April 2014.

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  59. Gruson-Gewächshäuser (Gruson Greenhouses)

    🇩🇪 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany · 1896

    Born of the plant collection of industrialist Hermann Gruson, given to Magdeburg in 1895, they still grow a golden barrel cactus about 150 years old.

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  60. Pillnitz Palmenhaus (Palm House)

    🇩🇪 Dresden, Saxony, Germany · 1859–1861

    Built in 1859-1861, it was then regarded as the largest greenhouse in Germany made entirely of cast iron.

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  61. Biosphäre Potsdam

    🇩🇪 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany · 2001–2002

    The former flower hall of the 2001 Federal Garden Show, set between the earthworks of a military site and turned into a rainforest in 2002.

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  62. Danakil (desert and jungle house, egapark)

    🇩🇪 Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany · 2021

    Named after Ethiopia's Danakil Desert, it leads visitors along a watercourse from a 1,250 m² desert into a tropical rainforest.

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  63. Berggarten Show Houses (Herrenhausen Gardens)

    🇩🇪 Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany · 1958

    Its orchid house, one of the largest permanent orchid displays in Europe, shows 500 to 800 orchids in flower all year round.

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  64. Historic Glasshouses of the Greifswald University Botanic Garden

    🇩🇪 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany · 1886

    A rare survivor of the late 19th century, its riveted-steel palm house of 1886 is protected as a monument of national importance.

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  65. Glasshouses of the Old Botanical Garden, Göttingen (Alter Botanischer Garten)

    🇩🇪 Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany · 1857

    Built in 1857 as a Victorian-style orangery, the fern house has held since 1910 a collection raised from spores gathered around the world.

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  66. Großes Gewächshaus (Great Greenhouse), Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

    🇩🇪 Kassel, Hesse, Germany · 1822–1823

    Commissioned in 1822 by Elector William II, it ranks among the earliest iron-and-glass structures in Europe.

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  67. Kuppelgewächshaus (Dome Greenhouse), Düsseldorf University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1974–1975

    A dome of 630 triangles, 18 m high and free of interior supports, devoted to the floras of Mediterranean-type climates.

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  68. Palmenhaus (Palm House), Mainau Island

    🇩🇪 Mainau Island, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1968 (renewed 1998)

    Under a wave-shaped roof rising to 17.40 m grow more than twenty palm species, including a Canary date palm planted in 1888.

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  69. Pflanzenschauhaus (Plant Show House), Luisenpark

    🇩🇪 Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1958 (renovated for 2023)

    Successor to an early 20th-century palm house lost in the war, this 1958 complex was judged too defining for the park to be demolished.

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  70. Pflanzenschauhäuser (Plant Show Houses), Rombergpark Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1958

    Four listed glasshouses of 1958, including a Coal Age flora house where a grove of 35 Wollemi pines was planted.

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  71. Manatihaus (Manatee House), Nuremberg Zoo

    🇩🇪 Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany · 2011

    Wooden walkways cross the canopy of a recreated South American forest and look down on a pool of Caribbean manatees.

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  72. Tropical domes of the University of Zurich Botanic Garden

    🇨🇭 Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland · 1976–1977

    Three acrylic calottes on a slender aluminium lattice, given back their original transparency by a renovation completed in 2013.

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  73. Large display glasshouses of the Bern Botanical Garden (BOGA)

    🇨🇭 Bern, Canton of Bern, Switzerland · 1976

    Three listed steel-and-glass houses opened in 1976, reaching down the slope of the Aare valley in Bern.

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  74. Winter Garden and Temperate House of the Geneva Conservatory and Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 Geneva, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland · 1910–1911

    A 1911 winter garden moved in 1935 to make way for the Avenue de la Paix, beside a neoclassical-inspired temperate house.

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  75. Orangery and glasshouses of the Kruidtuin (Botanic Garden), Leuven

    🇧🇪 Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium · 1821–1823

    A classicist orangery flanked by glasshouses, built in 1821–1823 by the Prince of Orange's court architect and protected since 1976.

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  76. Papiliorama (tropical domes at Kerzers)

    🇨🇭 Kerzers, Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland · 2003

    Founded at Marin in 1988 and rebuilt after a fire in 1995, the tropical garden moved in 2003 under a 40-metre dome at Kerzers.

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  77. Collection glasshouse and orangeries of the Oude Hortus (old botanic garden of Utrecht)

    🇳🇱 Utrecht, Utrecht province, Netherlands · 1907

    Five parallel glasshouses of 1907, first heated by a coal-fired boiler, linked by a glazed corridor to an orangery of 1768.

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  78. Rivièrahal and Victoria house of Diergaarde Blijdorp

    🇳🇱 Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands · 1940

    A 1940 hall by Sybold van Ravesteyn, designed as a winter garden, whose east wing keeps its original basin for the giant water lily.

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  79. Glasshouses of the University of Graz Botanical Garden

    🇦🇹 Graz, Styria, Austria · 1889 / 1995

    Three intersecting parabolic cylinders of acrylic glass, designed by Volker Giencke and opened in 1995.

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  80. Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn (Desert House, former Sundial House)

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Schönbrunn Palace Park, Austria · 1904

    It keeps a Fockea in cultivation since the late 18th century, billed as the oldest potted succulent in the world.

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  81. Hofgarten Palm House (Palmenhaus), Innsbruck

    🇦🇹 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria · 1961

    In this 1961 glasshouse, successor to an 1860 palm house on cast-iron pillars, the giant water lily has flowered regularly since 1965.

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  82. Conservatoire du Bégonia (Begonia Conservatory)

    🇫🇷 Rochefort, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France · 1987–1989

    A 1,000 m² greenhouse devoted to a single genus, the begonia, holding what it describes as the largest collection in the world.

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  83. Bernard Boissier Tropical Collection Greenhouses (Parc du Moulin à Tan)

    🇫🇷 Sens, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France · 2000

    Some 1,500 tropical plants gathered on 600 m² around a pool where the giant water lily Victoria cruziana blooms.

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  84. Tropical Agronomy Greenhouses, Parc du Grand-Blottereau

    🇫🇷 Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France · 1902

    Built in 1902 to teach colonial agronomy, these glasshouses still shelter useful tropical plants more than a century old.

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  85. Großes Tropenhaus and Victoria House, Halle Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt, Germany · 1872–1873

    A listed tropical house of 1872-1873 standing beside an observatory of 1788, in what was Prussia's first medicinal garden.

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  86. Glasshouses of the University of Potsdam Botanical Garden (Palmenhaus and Victoriahaus)

    🇩🇪 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany · 1908–1912

    Built in 1908-1912 for the royal nursery of Sanssouci, these glasshouses shelter two dwarf palms some 140 years old from the former court nursery.

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  87. Tropenhaus and Show Glasshouses, Botanical Garden of Ruhr University Bochum

    🇩🇪 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1976–1977

    A tropical house with 17 m of headroom, where a titan arum flowered for the first time in the Ruhr region in September 2017.

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  88. Glasshouses of the Ecological-Botanical Garden (ÖBG), University of Bayreuth

    🇩🇪 Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany · 1985–1993

    One house recreates the daily temperature swing of tropical high mountains; an Ethiopian giant lobelia flowered there in 1999, a first in cultivation.

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  89. Tropenhaus and glasshouses of the St. Gallen Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland · 1998

    In the 1998 Tropenhaus, Victoria water lilies and lotus flowers greet visitors at the entrance throughout the summer.

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  90. Tropical glasshouse of the Lausanne Cantonal Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland · 2019

    Set on the natural slope without any earthworks, this 2019 glasshouse holds Switzerland's largest collection of carnivorous plants.

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  91. Rimbula (Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen)

    🇳🇱 Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands · 2016

    Recognised by Guinness World Records as the largest indoor rainforest in a zoo, it is home to Asian elephants among other species.

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  92. Burgers' Desert (Royal Burgers' Zoo)

    🇳🇱 Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands · 1994

    Under a roof of air cushions, this 7,500 m² covered rock desert recreates the Sonoran and Mojave deserts.

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  93. Palmenhaus, Blumengärten Hirschstetten

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Donaustadt (22nd district), Austria · 1958–1959

    Completed in 1959 as the great glasshouse of Vienna's municipal nursery, it was turned into a 700 m² display house in 1989.

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  94. Glasshouses of the Linz Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten der Stadt Linz)

    🇦🇹 Linz, Upper Austria, Austria · 1976–2008

    Their cactus collection was recognised by the IOS in 1963 as Europe's fourth conservation and type-plant collection.

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  95. Tropical Greenhouses of the Jean-Marie Pelt Botanical Garden

    🇫🇷 Villers-lès-Nancy, Grand Est, France ·

    Seven large themed greenhouses covering 2,500 m², from a palm house with threatened plants to a liana gallery and carnivorous plants.

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  96. Biotropica Tropical Greenhouse (Les jardins animaliers Biotropica)

    🇫🇷 Val-de-Reuil, Normandy, France · 2012

    A 5,000 m² zoo greenhouse where a Komodo dragon, tamanduas and gharials live beneath tropical vegetation.

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  97. Collection Greenhouses of the Jardins suspendus (Fort de Sainte-Adresse)

    🇫🇷 Le Havre, Normandy, France ·

    In the courtyard of a Second Empire fort, 3,000 m² of collection greenhouses hold, among much else, more than 430 begonia varieties.

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  98. Greenhouses of the Jardin du Luxembourg (Senate greenhouses)

    🇫🇷 Paris 6th arrondissement, Île-de-France, France · 1796 (greenhouses on the site); 1999 (orchid, begonia and croton house)

    An orchid collection founded in 1838 and grown by the French Senate in a house of seven 'chapels', each with its own climate.

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  99. Show Glasshouses of the Kiel University Botanical Garden (Schaugewächshäuser)

    🇩🇪 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany · 1985

    One of the largest publicly accessible glasshouse complexes in northern Germany, led by a tropical house some 18 metres high.

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  100. Glasshouses of the Jena Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Jena)

    🇩🇪 Jena, Thuringia, Germany · 1969-1983

    The glasshouses of Germany's second-oldest botanical garden, founded in 1586 and for decades overseen by Goethe.

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  101. Regenwaldhaus (Rainforest House), Osnabrück University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany · 1998

    A 21-metre glasshouse built against the rock face of a former quarry, with walkways that lead up into the canopy.

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  102. Glasshouses and Victoriahaus of the Leipzig University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany · 1876; 1999-2000

    Its 1876 Victoria house is the only original house of its kind left in Germany and the third oldest of the five that survive.

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  103. Show Glasshouses of the Marburg Botanical Garden (Lahnberge)

    🇩🇪 Marburg, Hesse, Germany · 1977

    A cluster of themed glasshouses, led by a 12-metre-high tropical house, at the heart of a 20-hectare university garden.

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  104. Glasshouses of the Botanical Garden of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

    🇩🇪 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany · 1948-1954

    A post-war glasshouse range whose 1954 'Verbinder' is still the tallest house, joined in 2025 by two new houses for desert plants.

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  105. 'Pflanzenwelt unter Glas', Augsburg Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany · 2003

    A glass cube of 2003 that wraps around the steel frame of the garden's octagonal Victoria regia house, built in 1937.

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  106. Glasshouses and Orangery of the Münster Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany ·

    Below Münster's palace, a listed classical orangery of 1840 stands beside ten glasshouses rebuilt after wartime destruction.

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  107. Tropische Kas, Beetsterzwaag (Lycklamahûs glasshouses)

    🇳🇱 Beetsterzwaag (Opsterland), Friesland, Netherlands · 1869

    An 1869 lean-to vinery and a 1930 tropical house, kept by some fifty volunteers at the back of a Frisian gentry garden.

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  108. Glasshouses of the University of Fribourg Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland · 1939

    The large tropical house of 1939 went up barely two years after the founding of Switzerland's youngest university botanical garden.

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  109. Pantropica (formerly Orchideeën Hoeve)

    🇳🇱 Luttelgeest (Noordoostpolder), Flevoland, Netherlands · 1984

    A former orchid nursery turned into a 25,000 m² covered tropical park where more than 2,000 butterflies fly.

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  110. Tropicarium, Tübingen University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1969

    Six glass hexagons of different heights, carried on one concrete column, recall the flower umbels of cow parsley.

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  111. Darwineum Tropical Hall (Tropenhalle), Rostock Zoo

    🇩🇪 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany · 2012

    Beneath more than 3,000 m² of ETFE cushions, the Darwineum's tropical hall is home to Rostock Zoo's gorillas and orangutans.

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  112. Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich (Zurich Succulent Plant Collection)

    🇨🇭 Zurich, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland · 1947-1948

    On the shore of Lake Zurich, a set of municipal glasshouses holds one of the world's largest specialist collections of succulent plants.

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  113. Glasshouses of the TU Dresden Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten der TU Dresden)

    🇩🇪 Dresden, Saxony, Germany · 1975-1981

    Wrecked by the bombing of February 1945, the glasshouses of Dresden's botanical garden were rebuilt between 1975 and 1981 beside the Großer Garten.

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  114. Glasshouses of the Erlangen Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Erlangen)

    🇩🇪 Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany · 1964

    On the north side of Erlangen's Schlossgarten, a 1960s glasshouse complex sets lowland and montane rainforest beside mangroves and cacti.

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  115. Educational Greenhouses of the Tourcoing Botanical Garden

    🇫🇷 Tourcoing, Hauts-de-France, France · 2009

    Eight teaching greenhouses, four cool and four warm, in the garden bequeathed to Tourcoing by wool spinner Émile Leplat.

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  116. Greenhouses of Planet Exotica (formerly Parc des Jardins du Monde)

    🇫🇷 Royan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France ·

    A tropical house of over 800 m² where banana plants, orchids and tillandsias share the space with reptiles in terrariums.

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  117. Vijversburg Orangery (cactus house)

    🇳🇱 Tytsjerk (Tytsjerksteradiel), Friesland, Netherlands ·

    A glass-roofed Frisian orangery that now serves as a volunteer-run cactus house, open on summer Sundays.

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  118. Cantonspark Wintertuin (Winter Garden)

    🇳🇱 Baarn, Utrecht province, Netherlands · 1914-1915

    Built in 1914-1915 for a merchant who made his fortune in the Dutch East Indies, it is one of the oldest surviving botanical glasshouses in the Netherlands.

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  119. Porrentruy Botanical Garden Greenhouses (JURASSICA)

    🇨🇭 Porrentruy, Canton of Jura, Switzerland · 1961

    Opened in 1961, these Jura glasshouses hold between 500 and 600 cactus species and more than 450 species of Tillandsia.

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  120. Napoleon III Greenhouse, Jardin des plantes d'Amiens

    🇫🇷 Amiens, Hauts-de-France, France · Late 19th century

    Set on piles in former marshland, this greenhouse with a central palm house has a glass roof of panes overlapping like fish scales.

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  121. Tropenhaus and display glasshouses of the Solingen Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Solingen)

    🇩🇪 Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1965

    Opened in 1965 and listed as a monument with the whole garden in 2010, Solingen's Tropenhaus reopened in 2023 under new glazing.

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  122. Greenhouse for Tropical Crops, Witzenhausen (Gewächshaus für tropische Nutzpflanzen, University of Kassel)

    🇩🇪 Witzenhausen, Hesse, Germany · 1965-1966

    Begun in 1902 for the German Colonial School, Witzenhausen's collection of tropical crops has filled a 1,200 m² glasshouse since 1966.

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  123. Display glasshouses (Tropenhaus) of the University of Würzburg Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany ·

    In Würzburg's botanical garden, founded in 1696, the tropical house leads visitors round six habitats, from lowland forest to the arid lands of Madagascar.

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  124. Terre de Dragons Tropical Dome (formerly Planète des Crocodiles)

    🇫🇷 Civaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France · 2008

    An 82-metre tropical dome heated with cooling water from the neighbouring nuclear power station.

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  125. Tropical Greenhouse of the Bourgailh Ecosite

    🇫🇷 Pessac, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France ·

    Heated for five years with biogas from the old landfill beside it, it holds 3,500 plants donated by a horticulturist.

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  126. Horizon Afrique Tropical House, Mulhouse Zoological and Botanical Park

    🇫🇷 Mulhouse, Grand Est, France · 2025

    Opened in 2025, a tropical house roofed with ETFE cushions where pygmy hippos share the space with free-flying birds.

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  127. Tropenhaus Kleve (Rhine-Waal University tropical greenhouse)

    🇩🇪 Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2012

    A university glasshouse whose banana plants have yielded more than 850 kg of fruit since 2013, beside Kleve's former harbour.

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  128. Palmkas (palm house) of Hortus Overzee

    🇳🇱 Den Helder, North Holland, Netherlands · 1939

    A 1939 palm house built to overwinter the town's street plants, still keeping parts stamped with the Krupp name.

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  129. Tropical House and glasshouses of the University of Vienna Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten der Universität Wien)

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Landstraße (3rd district), Austria · 1890–1893

    Built in 1890–1893, the 17-house complex holds over half of the garden's species; only the central Tropical House is open to visitors.

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  130. Show Glasshouses of the Freiburg Botanical Garden (Schaugewächshäuser, Botanischer Garten Freiburg)

    🇩🇪 Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1970–1972

    Fitted out from 2018 in the former subtropical house, the French Guiana house recreates a tidal mangrove complete with mudskippers.

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  131. Schloss Hof Orangery (Orangerie Schloss Hof)

    🇦🇹 Engelhartstetten, Lower Austria, Austria · 1729–1730

    A Baroque glasshouse of 1729–30 with what is described as Europe's largest continuous lead-glazed window front, warmed by underground hot air.

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  132. Drieklimatenkas (Three-Climate Greenhouse), Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam

    🇳🇱 Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands · 1993

    The first public greenhouse in the Netherlands to be heated without gas, through a heat-and-cold exchange with the neighbouring H'ART Museum.

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  133. Historic greenhouses of the Westlands Museum (Westlands Museum voor Streek- en Tuinbouwhistorie)

    🇳🇱 Honselersdijk, South Holland, Netherlands · 1995

    A museum garden where old greenhouses, salvaged from across the Westland, tell the story of the Netherlands' 'glass city'.

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  134. Greenhouses of the Historische Tuin Aalsmeer (historic horticultural garden)

    🇳🇱 Aalsmeer, North Holland, Netherlands · 1982

    Rose houses, a 1935 pot-plant house and a 1965 wide-span house trace the rise of flower growing south of Amsterdam.

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  135. Alfred-Brehm-Haus (Tierpark Berlin)

    🇩🇪 Berlin (Friedrichsfelde), Germany · 1956-1963

    Opened in 1963 as the world's largest big cat house, it is built around a tropical hall rising to 16 metres.

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  136. Alligator Greenhouse (Serre aux alligators), Alligator Bay

    🇫🇷 Beauvoir, Normandy, France · 2006

    Opened in 2006 near Mont-Saint-Michel, this 2,500 m² greenhouse holds what the park describes as the largest group of alligators in Europe.

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  137. Tropenhaus of the Haus des Meeres (Aqua Terra Zoo)

    🇦🇹 Vienna (Mariahilf, Esterházypark), Austria · 2000

    A tropical glasshouse clinging to the face of a former flak tower, where birds and marmosets move about freely.

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  138. Burgers' Mangrove (Royal Burgers' Zoo)

    🇳🇱 Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands · 2017

    A 60-metre ETFE-clad dome shelters the world's largest indoor mangrove, complete with simulated tides and manatees.

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  139. Willem-Alexander Pavilion (Keukenhof)

    🇳🇱 Lisse, South Holland, Netherlands · 1996

    Keukenhof's largest indoor space ends each season with what the park bills as the world's largest lily show.

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  140. Mazel Greenhouses, La Bambouseraie en Cévennes (Prafrance)

    🇫🇷 Générargues (near Anduze), Occitanie, France · 1860

    Built in 1860 by Eugène Mazel for his most tender species, these glasshouses now hold tropical plants and temporary exhibitions.

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  141. Display Glasshouses of the Botanischer Volkspark Blankenfelde-Pankow (Palm Tower and Cactus Tower)

    🇩🇪 Berlin (Blankenfelde, Pankow district), Germany · 1928-1929

    Two glass towers of 1928-1929 built for a Berlin school garden, where the 'Königin der Nacht' cactus bloomed for one night a year.

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  142. Kamelienhaus (mobile glasshouse of the Pillnitz Camellia)

    🇩🇪 Dresden (Pillnitz), Saxony, Germany · 1992

    A 54-tonne glasshouse on rails, rolled every autumn over a camellia planted in 1801.

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  143. Glaselefant (Glass Elephant) and Butterfly House, Maximilianpark

    🇩🇪 Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1983-1984

    A 1902 coal washery turned into a 35-metre glass elephant, with a palm garden inside its head.

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  144. Schmetterlingshaus (Butterfly House) in the Elbauenpark

    🇩🇪 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany · 2000

    Opened in 2000 to revive the park of the 1999 Bundesgartenschau, a glass pavilion where hundreds of tropical butterflies fly.

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  145. Tropical Greenhouse of the Évreux Botanical Garden ("Le Cube")

    🇫🇷 Évreux, Normandy, France · 2018

    A 10 m glass cube designed by a local artist shelters more than 400 tropical plants in the former garden of Évreux's Capuchin friars.

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  146. Tropiquarium de Servion (tropical greenhouse and Komodo dragon dome)

    🇨🇭 Servion, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland · 1979

    Born of a tropical bird greenhouse opened in 1979, the park has shown a pair of Komodo dragons under an 800 m² dome since 2014.

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  147. Greenhouses of the Parc Emmanuel-Liais

    🇫🇷 Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, Normandy, France ·

    The two greenhouses of the scientist Emmanuel Liais, once head of Rio's imperial observatory, hold 4,000 varieties of rare plants.

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  148. Tropenhaus am Rennsteig – Klein Eden (Tropical House)

    🇩🇪 Kleintettau (Tettau), Bavaria, Germany · 2011–2014

    Papayas and star fruit grown in Upper Franconia, heated by the surplus process heat of a neighbouring glassworks.

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  149. Display Glasshouses of the University of Innsbruck Botanical Garden (Schaugewächshäuser)

    🇦🇹 Innsbruck (Hötting), Tyrol, Austria · 1977–1979

    A tropical house more than 12 m tall and a collection of 500 to 650 cactus species at Innsbruck's university botanical garden.

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  150. Vlinders aan de Vliet (tropical butterfly garden)

    🇳🇱 Leidschendam (Leidschendam-Voorburg), South Holland, Netherlands · 2006

    A former plant-growing greenhouse turned in two months into a jungle where at least 1,500 tropical butterflies fly.

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  151. Berkenhof Tropical Zoo (butterfly garden glasshouses)

    🇳🇱 Kwadendamme (Langeweegje), Zeeland, Netherlands · 1997

    Born of a fuchsia garden, a butterfly garden opened in 1997 in a small single-glazed greenhouse and grew into a tropical zoo.

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  152. The Oasis (L'Oasis), Pairi Daiza's large greenhouse

    🇧🇪 Brugelette (Cambron-Casteau), Hainaut, Belgium · 2000

    A giant 7,000 m² greenhouse whose roof opens in fine weather, where visitors eat lunch among the birds.

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  153. Sammlungsgewächshaus (Collection Glasshouse), Hohenheim Gardens

    🇩🇪 Stuttgart-Hohenheim (Plieningen), Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 2014

    Successor to a ducal pineapple house of 1789, it holds one of the largest begonia collections in Germany.

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  154. Loki Schmidt Glasshouses (Loki-Schmidt-Gewächshäuser), University of Rostock Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany · 2009–2011

    Inaugurated in May 2009 in the presence of Loki Schmidt, they replaced the old Doberaner Straße glasshouses, closed for disrepair.

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  155. Tropical Glasshouses of the Ulm University Botanical Garden (Tropengewächshäuser)

    🇩🇪 Ulm (Oberer Eselsberg), Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1997

    Two houses set the lowland rainforest, with cacao and vanilla, against the montane forest of tree ferns and epiphytes.

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  156. Tropical Hall of the Balinese Garden, Gärten der Welt

    🇩🇪 Berlin-Marzahn, Berlin, Germany · 2017 (Balinese garden since 2003)

    A 2017 glass hall raised over the old greenhouse so that the jungle and the Balinese temple never had to move.

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  157. Tropenhaus and Subtropenhaus, Oldenburg University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany · 2006 (Tropenhaus); 2019 (Subtropenhaus)

    Two small university glasshouses: one kept at 24 °C beneath a waterfall, the other devoted to plants that save water.

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  158. Altes Palmenhaus (Old Palm House, ORANG.erie), Tiergarten Schönbrunn

    🇦🇹 Vienna, Hietzing (Schönbrunn Palace Park), Austria · 1820

    Schönbrunn's first palm house was bricked up as a film and television studio before its glass facade was reinstated in 2009.

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  159. Tropical Bird Greenhouse, ZooParc de Beauval

    🇫🇷 Saint-Aignan, Centre-Val de Loire, France · 1994

    Right at the park entrance, 2,000 m² of covered jungle where 450 tropical birds, some of them flying free, swirl around visitors.

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  160. Palmarium of the French Garden, Albert-Kahn Museum and Gardens

    🇫🇷 Boulogne-Billancourt, Île-de-France, France · French garden: 1895

    Albert Kahn's palmarium, listed as a historic monument in 2015, closes the French garden where the banker once staged concerts.

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  161. Trévarez kitchen-garden greenhouses (Labotanique great greenhouse)

    🇫🇷 Saint-Goazec, Brittany, France ·

    Since 2015 the water-heated greenhouses of the Belle Époque kitchen garden have housed the Labotanique, a hands-on plant discovery space.

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  162. Greenhouses of the École Du Breuil (hot houses of the school garden)

    🇫🇷 Paris 12th arrondissement (Bois de Vincennes), Île-de-France, France ·

    The teaching greenhouses of the horticultural school founded by Haussmann in 1867 have opened to visitors one afternoon a week since 2023.

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  163. Succulent Greenhouse (Succulentenkas), Botanische Tuin Zuidas

    🇳🇱 Amsterdam-Zuid (Zuidas), North Holland, Netherlands · 1968 (garden founded in 1967)

    The most extensive cactus and succulent collection in the Netherlands, more than 30,000 plants under a university greenhouse of 1968.

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  164. Vlinderparadijs Papiliorama (Havelte tropical butterfly greenhouse)

    🇳🇱 Havelte (Westerveld), Drenthe, Netherlands · 1998

    Hundreds of tropical butterflies have flown free since 1998 in more than 900 m² of greenhouse on the edge of the Holtingerveld heath.

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  165. Huis Beaucarne Grape Glasshouse (Druivenserre)

    🇧🇪 Ename (Oudenaarde), East Flanders, Belgium · 1770–1775

    Frankenthal vines from the 18th century climb three storeys under glass in a grape house decorated like a Turkish tent.

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  166. Vlinderpaviljoen (Butterfly Pavilion), ARTIS Royal Zoo

    🇳🇱 Amsterdam (Plantage), North Holland, Netherlands · 2006

    More than a thousand butterflies fly freely under a transparent air-cushion roof, in a tropical garden with a height difference of over 4 m.

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  167. Observatoire du Monde des Plantes (University of Liège botanical garden greenhouses, Sart-Tilman)

    🇧🇪 Sart-Tilman, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium · 1992–1996

    Four thematic greenhouses of about 2,300 m² bring together nearly 3,000 species from three major biomes on the Sart-Tilman university campus.

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  168. Städtisches Palmenhaus (Palmenhaus Paradies), Konstanz

    🇩🇪 Konstanz (Paradies district), Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1922–1923

    Opened in 1923 to house the city's palms, this protected glasshouse was restored in 2005 thanks to a citizens' campaign.

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  169. Show Houses (Schauhäuser) of the Stadtgärtnerei Zürich (Palmenhaus, Tropenhaus, Subtropenhaus)

    🇨🇭 Zurich (Albisrieden), Canton of Zurich, Switzerland · 1938–1941 · converted 1961 · renovated 2014

    A former orangery of the city nursery, turned in 1961 into a palm tower under a glass pyramid, open every day with no entrance fee.

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  170. Show Houses (Schauhäuser) of the Heidelberg University Botanical Garden

    🇩🇪 Heidelberg (Neuenheimer Feld), Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1915 (opening of the garden and its show houses) · overall renovation under way

    The show houses of a garden founded in 1593 keep collections of bromeliads, tropical orchids and dry-climate plants from Madagascar.

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  171. Garten der Schmetterlinge (Butterfly Garden), Sayn Castle

    🇩🇪 Bendorf-Sayn, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany · 1987

    Two glass pavilions opened in 1987 in the park of Sayn Castle hold tropical butterflies among orchids, palms and banana plants.

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  172. Schmetterlingwelt Tattendorf (Dumba Park butterfly house)

    🇦🇹 Tattendorf, Lower Austria, Austria · 2021

    A 600 m² Glashaus presented in 2022 as Austria's largest tropical butterfly house, on the grounds of a former cotton-spinning mill.

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  173. Palais Rameau (circular horticultural greenhouse)

    🇫🇷 Lille, Hauts-de-France, France · 1879

    A circular cast-iron horticultural greenhouse under a glass rotunda, listed together with its neo-Moorish Lille palace of 1879.

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  174. La Serre Michelin (tropical greenhouse at Michelin's headquarters)

    🇫🇷 Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France ·

    A tropical glasshouse of rubber trees at Michelin's historic headquarters, visited with a guide after a film on the rubber tree.

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  175. Meranti-Halle (tropical hall of the Allwetterzoo)

    🇩🇪 Allwetterzoo, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2020–2023

    An elliptical dome of ETFE cushions, heated by geothermal energy, has housed giant otters, tapirs and howler monkeys since 2023.

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  176. Schauhaus of the Grüningen Botanical Garden

    🇨🇭 Grüningen (Adletshusen), Canton of Zürich, Switzerland · 2012

    Four steel pillars shaped like tree trunks carry a polygonal glass roof drawn with a Voronoi diagram, inside an arboretum.

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  177. Pflanzenhaus (Cactus House) of the Villengärten

    🇩🇪 Überlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 2021–2022

    A glasshouse built for the 2021 Landesgartenschau, now the permanent home of the town's cactus collection, some of it over a century old.

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  178. Pregny Greenhouses (reserve glasshouses of the Geneva Conservatoire and Botanical Garden)

    🇨🇭 Pregny-Chambésy, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland · 1860s; complex formed from the 1880s

    Former greenhouses of Baroness Julie de Rothschild, now the rare-plant reserve of the Geneva Botanical Garden, seen on guided visits only.

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  179. Schlossgärtnerei and Pineapple House, Muskau Park (Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau)

    🇩🇪 Bad Muskau, Saxony, Germany · 1833; pineapple house rebuilt in 2012

    The glasshouses of Pückler's Schlossgärtnerei, growing pineapples again since 2012, house an exhibition on the history of the fruit.

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  180. Rococo Orangery of Bendeleben (Rokoko-Orangerie with glazed wings)

    🇩🇪 Bendeleben, Kyffhäuserland, Thuringia, Germany · Around 1770

    The only rococo orangery of its kind preserved in Germany, according to the Kyffhäuser nature park, with glazed wings fitted with sun-catchers.

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  181. Garten der Schmetterlinge (Butterfly Garden), Friedrichsruh

    🇩🇪 Friedrichsruh (Aumühle), Schleswig-Holstein, Germany · 1985

    Billed as Germany's first butterfly garden: a 450 m² glazed tropical house on the Bismarck family estate east of Hamburg.

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  182. Restaurant De Kas, former municipal nursery greenhouse (Frankendael Park)

    🇳🇱 Amsterdam-Oost, North Holland, Netherlands · 1926 (restaurant since 2001)

    A municipal-nursery greenhouse of 1926 with its original steel frame restored, where diners eat among vegetables and herbs grown on site.

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  183. Greenhouses of the walled kitchen garden of Twickel Castle (Ironhouse, carnation house, pits)

    🇳🇱 Ambt Delden (Hof van Twente), Overijssel, Netherlands · 1891-1915

    An Ironhouse with soft-green glass, a carnation house of 1915 and three pits of 1891, all listed, in a Dutch castle's walled kitchen garden.

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  184. Kitchen-garden wall glasshouse (muurkas) of Heeswijk Castle

    🇳🇱 Heeswijk-Dinther, North Brabant, Netherlands · Shortly after 1875 (last quarter of the 19th century); restored 1991-1992

    Described as the longest wall glasshouse in the Netherlands: 67.5 m of brick and glass at the back of a moated kitchen garden.

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  185. Oud Groevenbeek grape house (druivenkas)

    🇳🇱 Ermelo, Gelderland, Netherlands · Between 1910 and 1915; restored 1997-1998

    The only survivor of a once-vast glasshouse complex, an iron-and-glass grape house still bears vines about a century old.

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  186. Königsbrück Castle Camellia House (Königsbrücker Kamelien)

    🇩🇪 Königsbrück, Saxony, Germany ·

    Three camellias planted around 1825: the oldest camellias standing together north of the Alps, under the glass of a castle greenhouse.

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  187. Wolfstal Camellia House (Roßwein Camellia)

    🇩🇪 Roßwein (Wolfstal), Saxony, Germany · 1961

    Deep in the Wolfstal, a greenhouse open a few weeks a year shelters a white camellia more than 200 years old, listed as a cultural monument in 2000.

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  188. Zuschendorf Castle Glasshouses (Kamelienschloss)

    🇩🇪 Pirna (Zuschendorf), Saxony, Germany ·

    Seven glasshouses hold the Saxon camellia collection of the Seidel family, the first plant collection under monument protection in Germany.

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  189. Botanischer Garten Gießen Glasshouses (Palmenhaus, Ernst-Küster-Haus, Victoria-Haus)

    🇩🇪 Gießen, Hesse, Germany · 2017–2022

    Three new glasshouses opened in 2022 recall the palm house destroyed in the war, in Germany's oldest university botanical garden.

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  190. Schmetterlingspark Fehmarn (tropical butterfly hall)

    🇩🇪 Burg auf Fehmarn, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany · 2013

    A 1,000 m² tropical hall under a glass roof where hundreds of butterflies fly among banana plants, orchids and water lilies on a Baltic island.

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  191. Greenhouses of the Versailles-Chèvreloup Arboretum

    🇫🇷 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, Yvelines, France · 1985 (botanical greenhouses); 2026 (fuchsia greenhouse)

    The Museum's tropical collections, over 4,400 species, have grown here under glass chapels since 1985 and can be seen on guided tours.

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  192. Vacherot & Lecoufle orchid greenhouses

    🇫🇷 Boissy-Saint-Léger, Val-de-Marne, France · 1886 (company); 1900 (older growing greenhouses)

    An orchid house founded in 1886 and a pioneer of cloning, whose growing greenhouses of 1900 open during public open days.

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  193. Hot greenhouse (serre chaude) of the Serre de la Madone garden

    🇫🇷 Menton, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France · About 1930

    A hot greenhouse of about 1930 with a glass roof on an exposed metal frame, in Lawrence Johnston's acclimatisation garden at Menton.

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  194. Historic vegetable greenhouses of the 't Grom museum (Midzeelhoeve)

    🇧🇪 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Antwerp Province, Belgium · Greenhouses of 1946 to the 1980s, rebuilt on the site from 1981

    A Mechelen greenhouse of 1946, a post-war nursery greenhouse and a Venlo-type house, rebuilt in a vegetable museum and protected as a monument.

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  195. Vlindertempel (Butterfly Temple), Wildlands Adventure Zoo Emmen

    🇳🇱 Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands · 2016

    The entrance to Jungola, a ruined temple inspired by Angkor under an ETFE roof, where butterflies fly among tropical plants.

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  196. Eifalia Butterfly Garden (Schmetterlingsgarten, tropical butterfly house)

    🇩🇪 Ahrhütte (Blankenheim), North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2016

    A translucent-walled greenhouse of about 240 m² where blue morphos fly, in an Eifel village that grew out of the iron industry.

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  197. Dschungelwelt (Jungle World) at Tierpark Hellabrunn

    🇩🇪 Tierpark Hellabrunn, Munich (Thalkirchen), Bavaria, Germany · 1995 (reopened 2026)

    A tropical hall under ETFE cushions, reopened in June 2026 after nearly four years of works, with its original vegetation kept alive.

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  198. Tropenhaus at Tiergarten Ulm

    🇩🇪 Tiergarten Ulm, Ulm (Friedrichsau), Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1980

    A tropical house opened in 1980 at Baden-Württemberg's first Landesgartenschau, where several hundred plant species grow.

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  199. Palmenhalle at NaturaGart Park (glass-roofed palm hall)

    🇩🇪 Ibbenbüren-Dörenthe, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany ·

    According to the operator, 88 palms grow under a 1,700 m² glass roof, between arcades, a bistro and a diving base.

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  200. Jardin bouquetier greenhouse, Château de La Motte-Tilly

    🇫🇷 La Motte-Tilly, Aube, France · 19th century according to the CMN; restored and inaugurated in 2026

    A wood, glass and cast-iron greenhouse built against the wall of the flower garden, restored to its original design and inaugurated on 22 May 2026.

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  201. Aimé Bonpland Exhibition Greenhouse (Municipal Horticultural Centre)

    🇫🇷 La Rochelle (Mireuil), Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France ·

    A 1,400 m² glasshouse in a municipal horticultural centre, staged as a world tour of plants, with a section devoted to Aimé Bonpland.

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  202. Chemnitz Botanical Garden glasshouses (Botanischer Garten Chemnitz)

    🇩🇪 Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany · 1998-2002

    In a school garden founded in 1898, a 500 m² Tropenhaus holds some 800 tropical species, with free admission.

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  203. Glasshouses of the University of Regensburg Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten der Universität Regensburg)

    🇩🇪 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany · 1972

    Four visitor glasshouses arranged by climate, from cocoa to cacti, in a university garden founded in 1977.

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  204. Glasshouses of the Neuchâtel Botanical Garden (Ermitage valley)

    🇨🇭 Neuchâtel, Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland ·

    Three glasshouses in a row from west to east, from tropical useful plants to Madagascan succulents and a lush subtropical house.

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  205. Glasshouses of the TU Braunschweig Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten der TU Braunschweig)

    🇩🇪 Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany · 2006-2018

    Rebuilt in 2018, the Victoria cruziana house shelters a giant water lily that flowers on only two nights a year.

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  206. Großes Glashaus and theme houses of the Wuppertal Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Wuppertal)

    🇩🇪 Wuppertal (Elberfeld, Hardt), North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2007

    A 400 m² main glasshouse and two satellite houses, opened in 2007 on the former Stadtgärtnerei site, north of the Elisenturm.

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  207. Rainforest hall of Tropical Islands (former CargoLifter airship hangar)

    🇩🇪 Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg, Brandenburg, Germany · 2000-2004

    A 107 m-high airship hangar, partly clad in ETFE, now sheltering 50,000 plants of more than 600 species.

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  208. Schaugewächshaus of the Krefeld Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Krefeld)

    🇩🇪 Krefeld (Oppum), North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 1996

    A 128 m² display glasshouse built in 1996 for cacti, Canary Islands plants and Mediterranean species.

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  209. Orang-Utan-Haus (Orangutan Dome), Hagenbeck Zoo

    🇩🇪 Hamburg, Stellingen, Germany · 2004

    A 32 m dome of ETFE cushions, half of which opens in seven minutes, roofs a planted Sumatran rainforest for orangutans.

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  210. Exotenhaus (former Tullabad), Karlsruhe Zoo (Zoologischer Stadtgarten)

    🇩🇪 Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 1955 (indoor swimming pool) · 2015 (Exotenhaus)

    A listed 1955 swimming hall, its glass fronts kept, turned in 2015 into a tropical hall where birds and monkeys roam unfenced.

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  211. Pongoland tropical hall (Leipzig Zoo)

    🇩🇪 Leipzig Zoo, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany · 2001

    Under a transparent foil roof 12 to 19 m high, all four great ape species live in a tropical hall tied to a Max Planck research centre.

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  212. Naturospace, tropical butterfly and bird house under a glazed roof

    🇫🇷 Honfleur (Calvados), Normandy, France · 1999 (official website); 1998 according to the local press

    A 1,000 m² tropical greenhouse under a glazed roof in Honfleur, where over 1,000 butterflies fly free among heliconias, orchids and giant ferns.

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  213. Greenhouses of the Château du Champ de Bataille

    🇫🇷 Sainte-Opportune-du-Bosc, Normandy, France ·

    Two glasshouses created by Jacques Garcia: one holds 600 to 800 orchid varieties, the other tree ferns, in the "Norman Versailles".

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  214. Schimpansenhaus (chimpanzee house with African tropical glasshouse), Magdeburg Zoo

    🇩🇪 Zoologischer Garten Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany · 2014

    Opened in 2014, a glass hall where ten chimpanzees live among tropical vegetation, watched from two levels.

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  215. Pflanzenpavillon (plant pavilion) of the Japanese Garden "Kōfuku no niwa", Bad Langensalza

    🇩🇪 Bad Langensalza, Thuringia, Germany · 2002 (garden opening; building work from autumn 2001)

    At the heart of a Japanese garden opened in 2002, a two-storey timber-and-glass pavilion holds an indoor garden and a tea house.

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  216. ELE Tropenparadies (tropical hall of the Asia world), ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen

    🇩🇪 Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · 2010

    A tropical hall of about 4,500 m² under a translucent envelope, where orangutans and birds live among banana plants and rubber trees.

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  217. Tropical greenhouse of the Jardin des Papillons, Hunawihr

    🇫🇷 Hunawihr (Haut-Rhin), Grand Est, France · 1988 (founding of the garden)

    A tropical greenhouse of about 1,000 m² on the Alsace wine route, where hundreds of exotic butterflies fly free.

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  218. Tropisch Paradijs, tropical hall of the Mondo Verde park

    🇳🇱 Landgraaf, Limburg, Netherlands ·

    A tropical hall of over 4,000 m² under a horticultural-greenhouse roof, with more than a hundred free-flying birds, waterfalls, cycads and figs.

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  219. Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden Kralingen (De Kas)

    🇳🇱 Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands · 2010 (replaces the garden's original greenhouse; garden created in 1912-1913)

    A small 2010 greenhouse in a free botanical garden in Rotterdam: palms, carnivorous plants and, in winter, potted citrus as in an orangery.

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  220. Historic greenhouses of Villa Augustus (kassen and Limonaia)

    🇳🇱 Dordrecht, South Holland, Netherlands · 1910-1911 (original greenhouses; found near Utrecht in 2006, then rebuilt in Dordrecht)

    Two 1910-1911 kitchen-garden greenhouses, saved from demolition near Utrecht and rebuilt at the foot of a water tower turned hotel-restaurant.

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  221. Woestijnkas (Desert Greenhouse), Trompenburg Gardens & Arboretum

    🇳🇱 Rotterdam (Kralingen), South Holland, Netherlands ·

    A glasshouse of cacti and succulents, partly arranged by geographical origin, in an 8-hectare garden and arboretum in Rotterdam.

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Southern Europe — the Iberian peninsula and Italy

Under milder latitudes, Spain, Portugal and Italy needed greenhouses less to grow exotic species — which makes their historic glasshouses, often tied to a royal palace or park, all the more remarkable.

  1. Estufa Fria

    🇵🇹 Lisbon, Portugal · 1933

    A greenhouse without a single pane of glass, built inside an abandoned quarry.

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  2. Great Glasshouse, Coimbra Botanical Garden

    🇵🇹 Coimbra, Portugal · 1859–1866

    One of the earliest examples of iron architecture in Portugal, restored and reopened after decades of partial closure.

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  3. Giardino della Biodiversità

    🇮🇹 Padua, Italy · 2014

    Five biomes under glass, in the world's oldest university botanical garden.

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  4. Hivernacle del Parc de la Ciutadella

    🇪🇸 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain · 1888

    Alexandre de Riquer's floral panels, hidden under paint for decades, were brought back to light in 2023.

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  5. Palacio de Cristal

    🇪🇸 Retiro Park, Madrid, Spain · 1887

    A colonial-era greenhouse turned cathedral of contemporary art.

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  6. Serra Carolina (Giardino d'Inverno)

    🇮🇹 Palermo, Italy · 1823

    A gift from Queen Maria Carolina in 1823, this winter garden shelters coffee trees and papaya trees beneath the Sicilian sky.

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  7. Invernaderos of the Real Jardín Botánico (Graells Greenhouse and Santiago Castroviejo Greenhouse)

    🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1856 and 1993

    A small cast-iron glasshouse of 1856 and a large exhibition greenhouse of 1993 stand side by side on the upper terrace of Charles III's garden.

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  8. Monleón Greenhouse, Jardí Botànic of the University of Valencia

    🇪🇸 Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain · 1860-1862

    Designed in 1859 by Sebastià Monleón, this iron-and-glass house is presented as the first building in Spain constructed with those materials.

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  9. Serra Merola (Stufa Temperata), Botanical Garden of Naples

    🇮🇹 Naples, Campania, Italy · 1808-c. 1820

    A neoclassical orangery of 1808 whose façade lines up seven glazed arches between Doric columns and thirty metopes carved with plants.

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  10. Greenhouses of the Giardino dei Semplici (Orto Botanico of Florence)

    🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany, Italy · 1880

    A row of glasshouses more than 160 m long fronts Via Micheli, in one of the world's oldest botanical gardens, founded in 1545.

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  11. Serra Moresca of Villa Torlonia

    🇮🇹 Rome, Lazio, Italy · 1839-1841

    A Neo-Moorish greenhouse designed in 1839 by Giuseppe Jappelli, reopened in December 2021 after fourteen years of closure.

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  12. Palacio de Cristal de la Arganzuela (greenhouse)

    🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1992 (original building: 1908-1928)

    A former Madrid livestock-market hall with a riveted steel frame, converted in 1992 into a 7,100 m² greenhouse with four climates.

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  13. Royal Greenhouses of Racconigi Castle (Serre Reali)

    🇮🇹 Racconigi, Piedmont, Italy · 1844-1848

    A long neo-Gothic nave of iron and glass built for the House of Savoy at the far end of the park of Racconigi Castle, a World Heritage site.

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  14. Boboli Gardens Limonaia (Lemon House)

    🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany, Italy · 1777-1778

    A 106-metre lemon house built in 1777-1778 to shelter about 500 potted citrus trees descended from Medicean cultivars.

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  15. Roster Tepidarium, Giardino dell'Orticoltura

    🇮🇹 Florence, Tuscany, Italy · 1880

    A Florentine 'crystal palace' inaugurated in 1880 and presented as one of the largest glasshouses in Italy.

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  16. Serre di Graefer (Bourbon Greenhouses), Reggia di Caserta

    🇮🇹 Caserta, Campania, Italy ·

    The queen's gardener's glasshouses, the botanical laboratory of the Reggia's English Garden, reopened in 2024 after eight years of closure.

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  17. Scopoli Greenhouses, Pavia Botanical Garden (Serre Scopoliane)

    🇮🇹 Pavia, Lombardy, Italy · 1776

    Glasshouses begun in 1776 to a design by Piermarini that still shelter cycads and more than 500 species of succulents.

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  18. Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico of the University of Genoa (Hanbury)

    🇮🇹 Genoa, Liguria, Italy · 1859 (large greenhouse); rebuilt in 1965

    A one-hectare city-centre garden holds six greenhouses on three levels, including a large masonry house begun in 1859.

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  19. Antiche Serre (Old Greenhouses) in the Miramare Castle Park

    🇮🇹 Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy · 1856-1860

    Greenhouses built for Maximilian of Habsburg and restored in 2024 to shelter citrus again, a dream the nineteenth-century climate had prevented.

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  20. MUSE Tropical Greenhouse (Museo delle Scienze)

    🇮🇹 Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy · 2013

    A fragment of Tanzania's Udzungwa mountain forest recreated under glass at 30 °C in a science museum designed by Renzo Piano.

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  21. Serre Ducali, Modena Botanical Garden

    🇮🇹 Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy · 1836

    Two large ducal greenhouses completed in 1836 and restored until 2025, in Modena's botanical garden founded in 1758.

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  22. Antica Serra, Siena Botanical Garden

    🇮🇹 Siena, Tuscany, Italy · 1875

    A small iron-and-coloured-glass hothouse of 1875, restored in 2024, at the heart of Siena's university botanical garden.

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  23. Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico di Roma (Serra Monumentale and Serra Corsini)

    🇮🇹 Rome, Lazio, Italy · 1877

    The Serra Monumentale, built by the Lyon firm Mathian in 1877, stands in the former grounds of Queen Christina of Sweden's palace.

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  24. Main Glasshouse of the Tropical Botanical Garden (Estufa Principal, Jardim Botânico Tropical)

    🇵🇹 Lisbon (Belém), Portugal · 1914

    Built of iron and glass in 1914, the main glasshouse is the chief survivor of the early years of the Colonial Garden founded in Lisbon in 1906.

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  25. Vivero de Estufas, El Retiro (historic greenhouse nursery)

    🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1889

    Gathered in a corner of the Retiro from 1889 onwards, its nineteen old greenhouses form a group that the city describes as unique in Spain.

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  26. Circular Greenhouse of the Tapada das Necessidades (Estufa circular)

    🇵🇹 Lisbon, Portugal · 19th century, under Pedro V

    A round iron-and-glass greenhouse built under Pedro V, once a winter garden for exotic plants and now awaiting rehabilitation.

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  27. Atocha Station Tropical Garden (Jardín Tropical de Atocha)

    🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1992 (train shed of 1892)

    The tracks of Madrid's old Mediodía station, opened in 1892, gave way in 1992 to a forest of palms beneath the glass roof.

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  28. Pazo de Lourizán Greenhouse (Invernadoiro de Lourizán)

    🇪🇸 Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain · 1900 (rebuilt in 1953)

    Listed with the pazo in 2025, this 1900 greenhouse is rated among Galicia's finest for the lightness of its structure.

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  29. Biosfera, Renzo Piano's Glass Bubble (La Bolla)

    🇮🇹 Genoa, Liguria, Italy · 2001

    A 20-metre glass bubble hanging over the water of Genoa's old harbour shelters a miniature tropical rainforest.

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  30. Orangery and Greenhouses of Villa Pisani

    🇮🇹 Stra, Veneto, Italy · Hot house before 1845 · warm house 1846

    In the 19th century, citrus varieties grown at Stra were planted in the orangeries of Schönbrunn, the Hofburg and Tsar Alexander.

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  31. Greenhouses of La Concepción Botanical-Historical Garden (invernaderos antiguos and estufa caliente)

    🇪🇸 Málaga, Andalusia, Spain · Second half of the 19th century

    Two 19th-century iron greenhouses built to acclimatise warm-climate plants in stages: one boiler-heated, the other warmed by the sun.

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  32. Minitropicarium of the Real Jardín Botánico Juan Carlos I (Orquidearium and Crassuletum)

    🇪🇸 Alcalá de Henares, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1997 (Orquidearium opened in 1999)

    A former research greenhouse, its floor dug out for extra height, houses tropical orchids and part of Spain's largest cactus collection.

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  33. Exhibition Greenhouse of the Castilla-La Mancha Botanical Garden (invernadero de exposición)

    🇪🇸 Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain · 2010 (garden opening)

    In a garden devoted mainly to the flora of Castilla-La Mancha, a 600 m² greenhouse split between the humid and dry tropics, from tree ferns to dragon trees.

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  34. Greenhouses of the University of Turin Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico)

    🇮🇹 Turin, Piedmont, Italy · 1843 (Dutch-style greenhouse); 2007 (large glasshouse)

    A Dutch-style greenhouse of 1843, once fitted with heating, hotbeds and a reservoir tank, now shelters orchids and other rainforest plants.

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  35. Tepidarium of the University of Catania Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico)

    🇮🇹 Catania, Sicily, Italy · 2008 (rebuild of a 19th-century greenhouse demolished in 1958)

    Supplied by a Paris firm and likened to Palermo's glasshouse, the great greenhouse demolished in 1958 was rebuilt in 2008.

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  36. Casa delle Farfalle (Butterfly House), Bordano

    🇮🇹 Bordano, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy · 2003

    In a village levelled by the 1976 earthquake, three tropical greenhouses of about 1,000 m² hold more than a thousand free-flying butterflies.

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  37. Nineteenth-Century Greenhouses of the Orto Botanico of Padua (Serre ottocentesche)

    🇮🇹 Padua, Veneto, Italy · 1808-1814

    Designed in 1804 for the oldest university botanical garden still on its original site, they were brought back to life in 2019.

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  38. Collodi Butterfly House (Casa delle Farfalle), Garzoni Garden

    🇮🇹 Collodi (province of Pistoia), Tuscany, Italy · 2006-2007

    A structural-glass prism holding some 5,000 tropical butterflies, set on the site of the old greenhouses of a Tuscan baroque garden.

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  39. Glashaus (Tropical Glasshouse), Gardens of Trauttmansdorff Castle

    🇮🇹 Merano (Meran), South Tyrol, Italy ·

    A contemporary glasshouse whose jagged outline echoes the peaks of the Texel Group, with a leafcutter-ant colony on show in a display case.

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  40. Tropical Greenhouse (Serra tropicale), Angelo Rambelli Botanical Garden, University of Tuscia

    🇮🇹 Viterbo, Lazio, Italy · 1993

    A greenhouse of almost 200 m² kept at 80-85% humidity, in a garden beside the sulphurous Bulicame thermal spring.

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  41. Estepona Orchidarium (Orquidario de Estepona)

    🇪🇸 Estepona, Andalusia, Spain · 2015

    Three glass domes, the tallest rising 30 m, shelter more than 1,300 orchid species in the old town of Estepona.

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  42. Greenhouses of the Botanical Garden, Queluz National Palace (Jardim das Estufas)

    🇵🇹 Queluz, Sintra, Portugal · 1769–1780 (rebuilt 2017)

    Four iron-and-glass greenhouses, rebuilt on their eighteenth-century foundations, once again grow pineapples at Queluz.

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  43. Orquidário dos Açores (Azores Orchid House), Faial Botanical Garden

    🇵🇹 Horta (Flamengos), Azores, Portugal · 2019

    An island orchid house built to take in a Finnish family's gift of some 7,000 orchid plants.

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  44. Benalmádena Butterfly Park (Mariposario de Benalmádena, now Monowa)

    🇪🇸 Benalmádena, Andalusia, Spain · 2011

    A Thai-style butterfly house whose glazed tropical garden of over 900 m² holds up to 2,000 free-flying butterflies.

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  45. Drago Butterfly Park (Mariposario del Drago)

    🇪🇸 Icod de los Vinos, Tenerife (Canary Islands), Spain · 1997

    A glazed tropical garden beside Icod's famous Drago Milenario, where more than 800 exotic butterflies fly freely.

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  46. Estufa Fría (cold greenhouse) of Parque Juan Carlos I

    🇪🇸 Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain · 1996

    An unheated 4,000 m² cold greenhouse whose climate relies on orientation, glazing and angled concrete louvres.

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  47. Limonaia del Castèl (Lake Garda lemon house)

    🇮🇹 Limone sul Garda, Lombardy, Italy · Early 18th century · museum opened 2004

    An early 18th-century lemon house whose white pillars carried boards and glass panes from November to March.

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  48. Desert City (cactus greenhouse and garden)

    🇪🇸 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Community of Madrid, Spain · 2017

    A cactus greenhouse roofed with a double layer of ETFE cushions on tensioned cables, shortlisted for the 2018 FAD architecture awards.

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  49. Liberty Greenhouses of Villa Visconti Borromeo Arese Litta (Serre Liberty)

    🇮🇹 Lainate (Metropolitan City of Milan), Lombardy, Italy · 1892-1898

    Two Liberty-style iron-and-glass greenhouses that keep a historic collection of more than 2,800 rare orchids.

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  50. Casa delle Farfalle (Butterfly House), Milano Marittima

    🇮🇹 Milano Marittima, Cervia (Province of Ravenna), Emilia-Romagna, Italy · 2002

    In the Cervia pinewood, a greenhouse of more than 500 m² where hundreds of tropical butterflies fly over a small lake.

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  51. Mesocosmo (Butterfly House), Natural History Museum of Salento

    🇮🇹 Calimera (Province of Lecce), Apulia, Italy · 2018

    A 630 m² rainforest cooled with groundwater, set in a holm-oak wood in the Salento peninsula.

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  52. Oasi Rossi Butterfly House (Casa delle farfalle)

    🇮🇹 Santorso (Province of Vicenza), Veneto, Italy · 2005

    A climate-controlled greenhouse of more than 1,200 m² where tropical butterflies fly freely among visitors at the foot of Monte Summano.

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  53. Greenhouses of the Real Jardín Botánico de Córdoba (American, Central and Orchid houses)

    🇪🇸 Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain ·

    In the warm pavilion of the American greenhouses, a walkway enters 3 m above the ground and climbs to a 5 m lookout over tropical fruit trees.

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  54. Serra Pedicino and succulent greenhouse, Orto Botanico di Portici

    🇮🇹 Portici (Metropolitan City of Naples), Campania, Italy · 1877

    An iron-and-glass greenhouse of 1877 set against the Belvedere wall, in the botanical garden founded five years earlier in the royal park of Portici.

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  55. Liberty Greenhouse of Villa Negrotto Cambiaso Park

    🇮🇹 Arenzano, Liguria, Italy · 1931

    A Liberty-style glasshouse of 1931, commissioned by a marchesa and modelled on the iron-and-glass conservatories of 19th-century France and England.

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  56. Greenhouse of the Giardino Inglese (Casa delle Ninfee)

    🇮🇹 Palermo, Sicily, Italy ·

    A cast-iron and glass greenhouse shaped like an upturned hull, rescued from abandonment by an association that now grows water lilies in it.

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  57. Limonaia Pra dela Fam (Lake Garda lemon house)

    🇮🇹 Tignale (Porto di Tignale), Lombardy, Italy · 1750 (old garden) · ecomuseum since 2011

    A lakeside lemon garden dating from 1750, still roofed each winter with numbered boards and glazed panels.

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  58. Victoria House and Orchid House, Giardini La Mortella

    🇮🇹 Forio, Ischia (Naples), Campania, Italy ·

    A tropical greenhouse whose pool, dominated by a stone face, carries the giant waterlily Victoria amazonica, in a composer's garden.

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  59. Iron-and-glass greenhouse of Pralormo Castle

    🇮🇹 Pralormo (Turin), Piedmont, Italy · Late 19th century

    An iron-and-glass greenhouse by the Lefebvre brothers of Paris, set against the wall of a Piedmontese castle, sheltering citrus and orchids from the winters.

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  60. Serra dei Giardini (Serra Margherita), Castello

    🇮🇹 Venice (Castello), Veneto, Italy · 1894

    The oldest permanent structure of the Biennale grounds: an 1894 iron-and-glass tepidarium, now a café and plant space.

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  61. Greenhouses of the Orto e Museo Botanico, University of Pisa

    🇮🇹 Pisa, Tuscany, Italy · Re-presented 2017-2018

    Four greenhouses grouped at the centre of the university botanical garden founded in 1543, the tropical house re-presented in 2018 with 150 species.

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  62. Serra Subtropicale (Serra dei Congressi) of the Radicepura Botanical Park

    🇮🇹 Giarre (Catania), Sicily, Italy · 2010 (design)

    An iron-and-glass greenhouse whose roof carries 610 semi-transparent photovoltaic modules, at the foot of Mount Etna.

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  63. Greenhouses of the Orto botanico comunale of Lucca (serre antiche of 1826 and modern greenhouses)

    🇮🇹 Lucca, Tuscany, Italy · 1826 (old greenhouses); modern greenhouses of the 1990s-2000s

    A greenhouse of 1826 with large glazed facades, the garden's first heated one, paid for by sales from its plant nursery.

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  64. Tropical and succulent greenhouses (Serra Lodi) of the Orto botanico, University of Bologna

    🇮🇹 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy · 1988 (succulent greenhouse)

    A succulent greenhouse donated for the university's ninth centenary in 1988, now under renovation, glass panes included.

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  65. Victoria Greenhouse and Vertical Garden, Villa Taranto Botanical Gardens

    🇮🇹 Pallanza, Verbania (Piedmont), Italy ·

    A glazed house shelters the giant Victoria cruziana water lily each summer, grown at Villa Taranto since 1956, in front of a vertical garden.

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  66. Raffeiner Orchideenwelt (orchid glasshouses, butterfly house and orangery)

    🇮🇹 Gargazon / Gargazzone (Bolzano province), South Tyrol, Italy ·

    The glasshouses of a South Tyrolean orchid nursery, turned into a visitor trail with butterflies, lories, koi and, since 2026, an orangery.

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  67. Succulent greenhouses of the Giardino SottoVico (Vico d'Elsa botanical garden)

    🇮🇹 Vico d'Elsa, Barberino Tavarnelle (Florence), Tuscany, Italy · 2007–2008 (main greenhouse); second greenhouse after 2011

    In a volunteer-run Chianti garden, a 200 m² tempered-glass greenhouse and a second house hold over 3,000 cacti and succulents.

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  68. Butterfly Arc (Casa delle Farfalle), Montegrotto Terme

    🇮🇹 Montegrotto Terme (Province of Padua), Veneto, Italy · 1988

    Italy's first butterfly house, opened in 1988: a tropical glass greenhouse where hundreds of butterflies fly freely.

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  69. Serre di Parco Querini (serreQuerini), Vicenza

    🇮🇹 Parco Querini, Vicenza, Veneto, Italy · Early 19th century; reopened 2026

    Nineteenth-century greenhouses attributed to Jappelli, collapsed and then rebuilt in 2026 in black metal and glass, with a planted warm house.

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  70. Hesperidarium, Giardino degli Agrumi (Oscar Tintori)

    🇮🇹 Castellare di Pescia, Tuscany, Italy · 2004

    A 2,000 m² greenhouse holds over 200 citrus varieties, from Medici-era cultivars of the 1500s to selections from the southern hemisphere.

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  71. Greenhouses of the University of Ferrara Botanic Garden (Orto botanico)

    🇮🇹 Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy ·

    In the park of a 16th-century palace, a cold house, a hot house and a succulent house hold about a thousand species.

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  72. Greenhouse of the Mora i Bravard Cactus and Succulent Botanical Garden

    🇪🇸 Casarabonela (Málaga), Andalusia, Spain · 2011 (opening of the garden; collection established on the site since 1995)

    A large glazed greenhouse shelters, in an 8,000 m² garden, about 11,000 cacti and succulents of 2,200 to 2,500 species.

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Central and Eastern Europe

This is the region classic guidebooks cover least — and yet one of the best documented in our catalogue, with large university botanical greenhouses often inherited from the Soviet era and now restored.

  1. Great Orangery, Fomin Botanical Garden

    🇺🇦 Kyiv, Ukraine · 1970s · domed orangery 1984

    A 30-metre orangery, presented when built as the tallest in Europe, around Ukraine's oldest palm.

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  2. Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden Glasshouses

    🇷🇴 Cluj-Napoca, Romania · 1960

    A Canary Island date palm more than 145 years old grows in the palm house, beside an oil palm.

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  3. Palm House, Peter the Great Botanical Garden

    🇷🇺 Saint Petersburg, Russia · 1896–1898

    Bombed during the Siege of Leningrad, the glasshouse saved only about a thousand plants; its collections now exceed 12,000 taxa.

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  4. Gliwice Municipal Palm House

    🇵🇱 Gliwice, Poland · 1880

    Three Canary Island date palms planted for the 1924 exhibition still grow under the same roof, through two complete rebuilds.

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  5. Palmiarnia Poznańska

    🇵🇱 Poznań, Poland · 1910–1911 · rebuilt 1992

    60% destroyed by World War II bombing, Poland's largest greenhouse was rebuilt without ever losing its living collections.

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  6. Zielona Góra Palm House

    🇵🇱 Zielona Góra, Poland · 1961

    Built over nineteenth-century wine cellars, it holds a Canary Island date palm counted among the tallest grown under glass in Europe.

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  7. Palmiarnia w Wałbrzychu

    🇵🇱 Wałbrzych, Poland · 1913

    A princely 1911-1913 greenhouse lined with volcanic tuff from Etna, at the foot of Książ Castle.

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  8. Łódź Palm House

    🇵🇱 Łódź, Poland · 1956

    Nearly 4,500 specimens across more than 1,100 taxa grow in the historic Źródliska park, in central Łódź.

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  9. Pálmaház of the Füvészkert (Budapest Botanical Garden)

    🇭🇺 Budapest, Hungary · 1865

    The university botanical garden's 1865 palm house, immortalised in The Paul Street Boys.

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  10. Pálmaház of Budapest Zoo

    🇭🇺 Budapest, Hungary · 1909–1912

    Originally designed for a separate urban project on Gellért Hill, the greenhouse ended up housing Budapest Zoo's miniature jungle.

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  11. Rastlinjak, Ljubljana Botanical Garden

    🇸🇮 Ljubljana, Slovenia · 1955

    The first greenhouse at the Ljubljana Botanical Garden, born in 1955 out of postwar reconstruction.

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  12. Sera Veche, Dimitrie Brândză Botanical Garden

    🇷🇴 Bucharest, Romania · 1889–1891

    Built in 1889-1891 on the model of the Liège glasshouses, it shelters a Podocarpus neriifolius more than 120 years old at its centre.

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  13. Fata Morgana Greenhouse (skleník Fata Morgana)

    🇨🇿 Prague, Troja, Czech Republic · 2004

    An S-shaped ribbon 130 metres long, backed by the rock of the Troja hillside, running through three tropical climates.

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  14. Palm Greenhouse, Aptekarsky Ogorod

    🇷🇺 Moscow, Russia · 1891

    Russia's oldest botanical garden shelters, beneath its glasshouse, a cycad over two centuries old, brought back around 1807.

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  15. Glasshouses of the Comenius University Botanical Garden (Botanická záhrada UK)

    🇸🇰 Bratislava, Karlova Ves, Slovakia ·

    Five themed glasshouses, from the Victoria house to the cacti, linked by corridors of ferns, orchids and bromeliads.

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  16. Central Siberian Botanical Garden Glasshouses

    🇷🇺 Novosibirsk (Akademgorodok), Russia · 1972

    More than 7,000 species, forms and varieties of tropical and subtropical plants grow in glasshouses built when the garden moved to Akademgorodok.

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  17. Yerevan Botanical Garden Glasshouses

    🇦🇲 Yerevan, Armenia · 1939 · main greenhouse 1979

    Hundreds of tropical and subtropical species under glass, including avocado trees and orchids from Japan, China and Mexico.

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  18. Chișinău National Botanical Garden Glasshouses

    🇲🇩 Chișinău, Moldova · 1951

    The tropical glasshouses of Moldova's national botanical garden, in the heart of Chișinău.

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  19. Tropical Greenhouses of the Liberec Botanical Garden

    🇨🇿 Liberec, Czech Republic · 1996–2000

    The Czech Republic's oldest botanical garden (1895) gained, a century later, the country's most singular greenhouse complex, its footprint mimicking a cluster of crystals.

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  20. Staklenik of the Jevremovac Botanical Garden

    🇷🇸 Belgrade, Serbia · 1892

    On an estate given by King Milan Obrenović, the Jevremovac greenhouse has stood in the heart of Belgrade since 1892.

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  21. Staklenik, Zagreb Botanical Garden

    🇭🇷 Zagreb, Croatia · 1891

    Zagreb's greenhouse began as a marine aquarium before becoming, a century later, a jungle of palms in the heart of the city.

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  22. Old Orangery, Łazienki Park

    🇵🇱 Warsaw, Poland · 1785–1788

    The east wing of this neoclassical orangery still houses the court theatre built for Stanisław II August, opened on 6 September 1788.

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  23. Greenhouse Complex, Central Botanical Garden of Belarus

    🇧🇾 Minsk, Belarus · 2007

    A glass octagon where rainforest, African succulents and citrus trees have coexisted since 2007.

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  24. Greenhouse of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Botanical Garden (Оранжерея Ботанічного саду Львівського університету)

    🇺🇦 Lviv, Ukraine · 1974

    Beneath a 24-metre glass roof, a century-old Canary Island date palm and bunya pine have come through the winters of war.

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  25. Orangery of the Moscow Zoo (Оранжерея Московского зоопарка)

    🇷🇺 Moscow, Russia · 2012

    A glass rotunda at the heart of Moscow Zoo, devoted to the tallest tropical trees, built in 2012.

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  26. Greenhouses of the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden (Warszewicz Orangery)

    🇵🇱 Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland · 1787–2025

    The Viennese palm house of 1882, demolished in 1969, was rebuilt in 2025 on its original foundations in Poland's oldest botanic garden.

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  27. Lednice Castle Greenhouse (zámecký skleník)

    🇨🇿 Lednice, South Moravia, Czech Republic · 1843–1845

    Commissioned in 1842 by the Prince of Liechtenstein, this 92 m nave of cast iron and glass carries some 65,000 scale-shaped panes.

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  28. Flora Olomouc Collection Greenhouses (sbírkové skleníky)

    🇨🇿 Olomouc, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic · 1927–1930

    The listed palm house of 1927-1930 shelters some fifty palm species, including specimens over a century old that came from Moravian castle greenhouses.

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  29. Łańcut Castle Orangery (Oranżeria)

    🇵🇱 Łańcut, Podkarpackie, Poland · 1799–1802

    Built for orange trees brought from Wilanów, Łańcut's neoclassical orangery yielded two original furnaces and heating channels during its renovation.

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  30. Oliwa Park Palm House (Palmiarnia Parku Oliwskiego)

    🇵🇱 Gdańsk (Oliwa), Pomerania, Poland · Eighteenth-century orangery; rotunda opened 2022

    A slightly twisted 24-metre glass cylinder was built for a date palm about 180 years old that had outgrown the roof of the old orangery.

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  31. Glasshouses of the Květná zahrada (Flower Garden)

    🇨🇿 Kroměříž, Zlín Region, Czech Republic · 1840–1845

    Two classicist glasshouses of the 1840s frame the entrance to a 17th-century garden on the World Heritage List.

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  32. Glasshouses of the Charles University Botanical Garden (Na Slupi)

    🇨🇿 Prague, New Town (Na Slupi), Czech Republic · 1946–1949

    Rebuilt after the Allied bombing of 14 February 1945, these university glasshouses shelter a Cycas circinalis more than 130 years old.

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  33. Festetics Palace Palm House (Pálmaház)

    🇭🇺 Keszthely, Zala County, Hungary · 1880

    An 1880 palm house whose iron frame was made in Gustave Eiffel's workshops in Paris.

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  34. Glasshouses of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Botanical Garden (UPJŠ)

    🇸🇰 Košice, Košice Region, Slovakia · 1958

    Its glasshouses keep some 11,000 cacti, presented as the largest such collection in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

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  35. Tsaritsyno Orangeries

    🇷🇺 Moscow, Russia · 2007–2008 (reconstruction)

    By the mid-1780s Catherine II's orangeries here held ten thousand trees, tended by the German botanist Johann Rack.

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  36. Siberian Botanical Garden Orangeries, Tomsk State University

    🇷🇺 Tomsk, Russia · 1971–1973; 1985–1988

    Its 31-metre central orangery ranks among the tallest in the world, and plants that arrived in 1885 are still alive inside.

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  37. Tropical Greenhouse of the University of Szeged Botanical Garden (SZTE Füvészkert)

    🇭🇺 Szeged, Csongrád-Csanád County, Hungary · 2014

    Built in 2014 on the site of a worn-out predecessor, it kept in place tropical plants that had been growing there for some fifty years.

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  38. Tropicana Greenhouse, Teplice Botanical Garden (skleník Tropicana)

    🇨🇿 Teplice, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic · 2004–2005

    One of the largest and tallest display greenhouses in the Czech Republic, it also recreates the Teplice landscape of 20 million years ago.

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  39. Glasshouses of the Masaryk University Faculty of Science Botanical Garden (skleníky)

    🇨🇿 Brno, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic · 1995–1997

    A giant water lily flowered here as early as 1926 in a makeshift sunken greenhouse; five tunnel-shaped glasshouses took over in 1997.

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  40. Palm House and Glasshouses of the Vácrátót National Botanical Garden (Nemzeti Botanikus Kert)

    🇭🇺 Vácrátót, Pest County, Hungary · 1985–1987

    Under a 15 m nave heated with thermal water, the Palm House grows bananas, coffee and turmeric at the heart of a 27-hectare garden.

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  41. Indonesian Jungle Pavilion (Indonéská džungle), Prague Zoo

    🇨🇿 Prague, Troja, Czech Republic · 2004

    Opened in 2004 beneath an elliptical glass dome, this pavilion was at the time the most expensive project in the history of Czech zoos.

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  42. Palm House and Succulent House of the University of Debrecen Botanical Garden

    🇭🇺 Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar County, Hungary · 1975

    Famous across Europe by 1986, its cactus collection now spans more than 150 genera and some 2,500 species, subspecies, varieties and forms.

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  43. Historic Orangery of the Kazan Zoo-Botanical Garden

    🇷🇺 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia · 1834–1836

    Built in stone in 1834–1836 for Kazan University, it still holds palms planted in the nineteenth century.

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  44. Orangeries of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Botanical Garden

    🇷🇺 Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia · 1948 (post-war glasshouses); 2017 (new orangery)

    The central glasshouse was raised by five metres for a Livistona brought from Moscow in 1959, now nearly 14 m tall.

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  45. Historic Orangery, Botanical Garden of Odesa National University

    🇺🇦 Odesa, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine · 1886

    Damaged by a missile attack in March 2024, the 1886 orangery reopened that October thanks to donations from Odesa residents.

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  46. Glasshouses of the N. A. Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute

    🇷🇺 Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast, Russia · 1979

    At 67°38′ N, beyond the Arctic Circle, its glasshouses grow tropical plants in Russia's northernmost botanical garden.

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  47. Glasshouses and Palm House of the University of Wrocław Botanical Garden (Ogród Botaniczny UWr)

    🇵🇱 Wrocław, Lower Silesia, Poland · 1823–1907 · new palm house under construction

    Closed in 2006 and demolished in 2013, the palm house first built in 1823 is being reborn as a 13-metre, triple-glazed glasshouse.

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  48. Glasshouses and Orangery of the University of Warsaw Botanic Garden (Ogród Botaniczny UW)

    🇵🇱 Warsaw, Masovia, Poland · Orangery from the second half of the 18th century; palm house 2005

    An orangery from the reign of Stanisław August, a former "trebhauz" for forcing plants, stands beside a palm house opened in 2005.

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  49. "Zielony Raj" Orangery, Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden (Powsin)

    🇵🇱 Warsaw (Powsin), Masovia, Poland · 2001–2003

    Named "Zielony Raj" (Green Paradise) by public vote, it holds Poland's largest citrus collection.

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  50. Sera de expoziție (Exhibition Greenhouse), Dimitrie Brândză Botanical Garden

    🇷🇴 Bucharest, Romania · 1973-1976

    Eight compartments, from an 18-metre palm pavilion to an orchid house, gather the warm-climate floras of the world on 2,500 m².

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  51. Orangery of the Lobachevsky University Botanical Garden (Botanichesky Sad NNGU)

    🇷🇺 Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia · 1936

    A southern magnolia raised from seeds given by Nikolai Vavilov has grown here since 1936, the orangery's very first year.

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  52. Glasshouses of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Botanichesky Sad UrO RAN)

    🇷🇺 Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia · 1952

    Four glasshouses built between 1952 and 1983 keep some 2,000 tropical taxa alive on the edge of the Urals.

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  53. Orangery of the Samara University Botanical Garden (Botanichesky Sad)

    🇷🇺 Samara, Samara Oblast, Russia · 1935-1936

    At 1,200 m² it is billed as the largest orangery on the Middle Volga, and nearly a third of its plants are threatened species.

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  54. Palm House of the University of Pécs Botanical Garden (PTE Botanikus Kert)

    🇭🇺 Pécs, Baranya County, Hungary · 1953-1954

    A palm house sunk halfway into the ground to save money in 1953–1954, where palms now reach 10 to 12 metres.

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  55. Sosnowiec Egzotarium (Ecological Education Centre)

    🇵🇱 Sosnowiec, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland · 2023

    A glass hall more than 22 metres high, opened in 2023 on the site of the 1956 exotarium, halfway between botanic garden and zoo.

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  56. New Orangery, Royal Garden of Prague Castle (Nová oranžerie)

    🇨🇿 Prague, Hradčany, Czech Republic · 1999-2001

    A glass and stainless-steel tube nearly 90 metres long, designed by Eva Jiřičná against the Renaissance wall of the Royal Garden.

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  57. Fig House (Fíkovna), Lysice Château

    🇨🇿 Lysice, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic · 1835

    An 1835 fig house whose glazed roof rolls away on rails into the slope behind it, the only working example left in the Czech Republic.

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  58. Legnica Palm House (Palmiarnia Legnicka)

    🇵🇱 Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland · 1898

    The second palm house in Silesia after Wrocław's, it received its first plants from Bordighera on the Italian Riviera in 1898.

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  59. Greenhouse Complex of the “Anastasie Fătu” Botanical Garden (Complexul de sere)

    🇷🇴 Iași, Iași County, Romania · 1974 (Palmarium)

    A 5,500 m² greenhouse complex crowned by a circular, 17-metre-high Palmarium built in 1974.

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  60. Orientarium, Łódź Zoo (Orientarium Zoo Łódź)

    🇵🇱 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland · 2022

    South-East Asian jungle halls beneath ETFE cushions carried by a timber roof structure spanning up to 50 metres.

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  61. Green Pyramid, Nyíregyháza Zoo (Zöld Piramis: Esőerdőház és Óceanárium)

    🇭🇺 Nyíregyháza (Sóstó), Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Hungary · 2010

    A rainforest hall under a dome of ETFE cushions, set above a 500,000-litre oceanarium crossed by a glazed corridor.

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  62. Orangery of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute (Oranzhereya YuUBSI)

    🇷🇺 Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia ·

    A banana plant has broken the roof glazing several times and has to be cut back, which stops it from fruiting.

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  63. Orangeries of the Southern Federal University Botanical Garden (Oranzherei Botanicheskogo Sada YuFU)

    🇷🇺 Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia ·

    Four glasshouses covering 1,064 m² hold the largest collection of tropical and subtropical plants in southern Russia.

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  64. Greenhouses of the Faculty of Tropical Agriculture Botanical Garden (ČZU, Suchdol)

    🇨🇿 Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic · 1968

    Some 2,000 species of useful tropical and subtropical plants and a national collection of 164 citrus, in a Prague faculty's greenhouses.

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  65. Yucatán Tropical Hall, Zlín Zoo (Tropická hala Yucatan)

    🇨🇿 Zlín (Lešná), Zlín Region, Czech Republic · 2006

    Visitors enter this tropical glasshouse through a replica of the Nunnery of Chichén Itzá, leading into a Central American rainforest.

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  66. Exhibition Orangery of the Dnipro National University Botanical Garden (Ekspozytsiina oranzhereia)

    🇺🇦 Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine · 1975

    Its palms include a Canary Island date palm planted in 1926, half a century before the glasshouse itself came into use.

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  67. Historic Glasshouse of Valeč Château (historický skleník)

    🇨🇿 Valeč, Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic · 1895

    A Viennese glasshouse with a 15-metre dome, dismantled in Vienna and re-erected in 1895 in the baroque park of Valeč.

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  68. Orangeries of the Saint Petersburg State University Botanical Garden (Botanichesky Sad SPbGU)

    🇷🇺 Saint Petersburg, Vasilyevsky Island, Russia · 1870

    Its great palm house, said to be the tallest in Saint Petersburg, shelters plants that lived through the Siege of Leningrad.

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  69. Przelewice Gardens Orangery (Oranżeria w Przelewicach)

    🇵🇱 Przelewice, West Pomerania, Poland · 2010-2011

    A barn gutted by fire in 1997, whose surviving walls now carry a roof that is two-thirds glass and shelter a butterfly house.

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  70. Afrykarium, Wrocław Zoo (Afrykarium-Oceanarium)

    🇵🇱 Wrocław, Lower Silesia, Poland · 2012-2014

    Beneath a UV-permeable ETFE roof, a Congo jungle where manatees and free-flying birds share dense tropical vegetation.

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  71. Cactus Orangery, Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Kaktusovaya oranzhereya)

    🇺🇦 Nikita, near Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine · 1995–1996

    In the 1990s the collection was saved from the cold by wagonloads of coal received as payment for research on mine spoil heaps.

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  72. Ulrich Greenhouses (Ogrody Ulricha, szklarnie Ulrichów)

    🇵🇱 Warsaw (Wola), Masovia, Poland · 1898–1899

    The last glasshouses of a gardening dynasty that grew pineapples in Warsaw from 1835, reopened in 2022.

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  73. Orangery of the Chernivtsi National University Botanical Garden (Botanichnyi Sad ChNU)

    🇺🇦 Chernivtsi, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine · 1974

    Commissioned in 1974, it has a single twin in Ukraine: the orangery of the Dnipro botanical garden, built to the same plans.

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  74. Palm Greenhouse of Kopidlno Château (palmový skleník)

    🇨🇿 Kopidlno, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic · 1893-1894

    A scaled-down echo of the Schönbrunn palm house, built in 1894 for Count Erwin Schlik and now tended by a horticultural school.

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  75. Palm Greenhouse in the Opočno Château Park (palmový skleník)

    🇨🇿 Opočno, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic · 1820

    Since 1820 this Empire-style greenhouse has overwintered the citrus, olive, palm and oleander trees that adorn the château in summer.

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  76. Palm Greenhouse in the Lány Château Park (palmový skleník)

    🇨🇿 Lány, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic · 1879-1881

    Marked for demolition in 1921, the Fürstenbergs' palm house was saved by Masaryk and Plečnik, who added a new wing in 1923.

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  77. Greenhouses of the “Vasile Fati” Botanical Garden, Jibou (Palmar and Acvariu)

    🇷🇴 Jibou, Sălaj County, Romania · 1968–1982

    Two glass domes seen from afar, the Palmar and the Acvariu, shelter palms, banana plants and the giant water lily Victoria amazonica.

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  78. Fondovaya Orangery (Collections Orangery), Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden

    🇷🇺 Moscow, Russia · 1945–1953 (old); 2016 (new)

    Its founding collections came from Germany after the war: a first train of 48 wagons carried 10,660 tropical plants.

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  79. Winter Garden of the Vorontsov Palace (Zimniy sad Vorontsovskogo dvortsa)

    🇺🇦 Alupka, Crimea, Ukraine · 1838

    The only survivor of the original planting, a Ficus repens still climbs the walls of this winter garden created in 1838.

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  80. Orangery of the Botanical Garden-Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Oranzhereya BSI DVO RAN)

    🇷🇺 Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia · 1950s

    Grown from two small 1950s glasshouses whose walls still show inside, it holds Russia's largest collection of Cymbidium orchids.

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  81. Ufa Lemonarium (Ufimsky Limonariy)

    🇷🇺 Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia · 1984–1990

    Russia's first attempt at growing lemons in the ground under glass: 1,300 trees here yield 20 to 22 tonnes of fruit a year.

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  82. Winter Garden (Zimniy sad) of Brest State A. S. Pushkin University

    🇧🇾 Brest, Brest Region, Belarus · 2009–2010

    A dome of glass, metal and brick opened in 2010 on the site of a 1965 teaching greenhouse, with three climate zones under one roof.

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  83. Drumul Taberei Park Greenhouses (Serele Drumul Taberei)

    🇷🇴 Bucharest, Sector 6 (Drumul Taberei), Romania · 2019

    Seven pavilions heated by 224 geothermal boreholes shelter 4,000 plants of 300 species in the middle of a 30-hectare park.

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  84. Steklenjak (exhibition glasshouses), Volčji Potok Arboretum

    🇸🇮 Volčji Potok (Radomlje), Municipality of Kamnik, Slovenia ·

    More than a thousand cacti from the Hrovatin collection, the oldest fifty years old, under glass in Slovenia's most visited botanical garden.

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  85. Saratov Lemonarium (Saratovsky Limonariy)

    🇷🇺 Saratov, Saratov Oblast, Russia · 2001

    Fifteen lemon varieties and some fifty tropical species fruit all year under the glass roof of a 500 m² greenhouse founded in 2001.

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  86. New Orangery (Nowa Pomarańczarnia), Łazienki Park

    🇵🇱 Warsaw, Łazienki Park, Poland · 1860–1861

    The second orangery of Łazienki, built in 1860-1861: its glazed hall with cast-iron columns holds tropical plants and the Belvedere restaurant.

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  87. Rose Garden Greenhouses, Konopiště Château (Růžová zahrada)

    🇨🇿 Konopiště, Benešov, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic ·

    Palms planted at Archduke Franz Ferdinand's request still grow here, under glass rebuilt between 1995 and 2000.

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  88. Orangery and Winter Garden of Světlá nad Sázavou Château (zámecký skleník)

    🇨🇿 Světlá nad Sázavou, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic · 1865–1868

    A winter garden of cast iron and glass whose waterfall grotto is presented as the only one preserved in a Czech greenhouse.

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  89. Glasshouses of the Mendel University Botanical Garden and Arboretum (skleníky MENDELU)

    🇨🇿 Brno, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic · 1996–1997

    Glasshouses of 800 to 850 m² hold about 4,000 orchid taxa, one of the largest collections in Europe.

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  90. Palm House of the Royal Palace of Gödöllő (Pálmaház)

    🇭🇺 Gödöllő, Pest County, Hungary · 1870

    An iron-framed palm house raised in 1870 in Queen Elisabeth's park, now a garden centre open to everyone.

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  91. Palm House and Greenhouses of Kozel Château (palmový skleník)

    🇨🇿 Šťáhlavy, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic ·

    Open to the public since 2024, Kozel's palm house holds palms several metres tall and remnants of a noble plant collection.

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  92. Castle Nursery Greenhouses and Fuchsia Collection of Buchlovice Château

    🇨🇿 Buchlovice, Zlín Region, Czech Republic ·

    A collection of about 1,200 fuchsia varieties, among the most renowned in Central Europe, grown in the nursery of a Baroque château.

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  93. Dobříš Château Orangery (Oranžérie)

    🇨🇿 Dobříš, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic · 1760s

    An orangery almost 90 m long whose north façade carries painted trompe-l'œil architecture, recreated (most of it in 2020-2022, the rest in 2024).

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  94. New Palm House (Nowa Palmiarnia), Łazienki Park

    🇵🇱 Warsaw (Łazienki Park), Masovia, Poland · 2019

    A fully glazed pavilion: the museum's citrus, laurel and olive trees in the upper part, an educational space opened in 2019 in the lower part.

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  95. Moszna Castle Orangery (Oranżeria zamkowa)

    🇵🇱 Moszna, Opole Voivodeship, Poland · 1896–1900

    A glazed winter garden built with the neo-Gothic wing of a fairy-tale castle, still home to a ficus more than 70 years old.

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  96. Baroque Orangery of Manětín Château (zámecká oranžérie)

    🇨🇿 Manětín, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic · 1734 (date given with a reservation); restored 2019-2020

    Beneath the plaster of this Baroque orangery, the 2019-2020 restoration brought eighteenth-century wall paintings back to light.

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  97. Neo-Gothic Orangery of Čechy pod Kosířem Château (zámecká oranžérie)

    🇨🇿 Čechy pod Kosířem, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic · 1852–1853

    This neo-Gothic orangery of 1853 bears a coat of arms designed by Josef Mánes, and citrus trees are still grown in it.

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  98. New Glasshouse of the Zabrze Municipal Botanical Garden (Miejski Ogród Botaniczny w Zabrzu)

    🇵🇱 Zabrze, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland · 1939 · new glasshouse under construction since 2024

    It replaces the German-era greenhouses of 1939, demolished from 2024: a glass hall over 10 m high, announced for early 2027.

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  99. Greenhouses of the Zaporizhzhia City Children's Botanical Garden (Tropicana, Winter Garden, Cactusarium)

    🇺🇦 Zaporizhzhia, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine · 1958 · Tropicana 2021

    Tropicana, a 910 m² glasshouse over 15 m high, welcomed the public in 2024 after the garden had been closed for four years.

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  100. Orangery of VDNH (Expocentre of Ukraine), Pavilion No. 28 'Floriculture and Landscape Gardening'

    🇺🇦 Kyiv, Ukraine · 1958

    Opened in 1958 with VDNH as a floriculture pavilion, the orangery still holds palms, mandarins and lemon trees in its three halls.

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  101. Orangery of the Botanical Garden of Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University

    🇺🇦 Poltava, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine · 1990

    Under the glass of a 1990 university greenhouse, a 40-year-old agave stands among palms, cacti and aloes in central Poltava.

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  102. Orangery of the Botanical Garden of Uzhhorod National University (Botanichnyi sad UzhNU)

    🇺🇦 Uzhhorod, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine ·

    In the orangery of Uzhhorod University, renovated since 2000, banana plants touch the ceiling and camellias flower in February.

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  103. Orangery of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Orangereia KBS)

    🇺🇦 Kryvyi Rih, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine ·

    Under a steel-framed glass roof that is costly to heat, the Kryvyi Rih garden brings azaleas and camellias into flower in late winter.

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  104. Orangery in the Letohrad Castle Park (exotic plants, Australian aviary and marine aquarium)

    🇨🇿 Letohrad, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic · After 1811; rebuilt after 1864; restored 2021-2023

    A 19th-century orangery reopened in 2023, half exotic glasshouse, half Australia with a giant aviary and a marine aquarium.

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  105. Glasshouses of the Tuzson János Botanical Garden, University of Nyíregyháza (Pálmaház, Kaktuszház, tropical useful-plants house)

    🇭🇺 Nyíregyháza, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Hungary · 1984-2005

    A 12 m domed palm house, a succulent house of nearly 2,500 plants and a tropical pool where the Amazon water lily blooms.

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  106. Collection Greenhouse of the Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University (sbírkový skleník)

    🇨🇿 Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic · 2000

    A 380 m² glasshouse, up to 8 m high, growing more than 120 tropical and subtropical species, nearly half of them medicinal.

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  107. Neo-Gothic Orangery-Greenhouse (Oranžéria) of Topoľčianky Château Park

    🇸🇰 Topoľčianky, Zlaté Moravce District, Nitra Region, Slovakia · 1828–1829

    A neo-Gothic glasshouse of 1828-1829 credited to Pietro Nobile, which in 2021 still held a lemon tree and orchids in the château park.

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  108. Orangeries of the Kemerovo State University Botanical Garden (Botanichesky sad KemGU)

    🇷🇺 Kemerovo (Lesnaya Polyana district), Kuzbass, Russia · 2018

    Two glazed orangeries, tropical and subtropical, opened in Kemerovo in 2018 and hold over 1,000 species under ceilings 11 to 13 m high.

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  109. Winter Garden and Orangery of the Palace of Pioneers (Vorobyovy Gory)

    🇷🇺 Moscow (Kosygina Street, Vorobyovy Gory), Russia · 1962 (Palace); restoration 2023-2024

    Three triangulated glass domes 8 m wide, recreated from the original plans, light the winter garden of the Palace of Pioneers.

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  110. Orangeries of the Ushinsky Pedagogical University Botanical Garden (Yaroslavl)

    🇷🇺 Yaroslavl (Kotorosl embankment), Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia · 1927 (garden); 1972 (new orangery)

    Founded in 1927, the garden grows orchids, palms, citrus and coffee in two orangeries, one tropical and one subtropical.

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  111. UMCS Botanical Garden Greenhouses (Szklarnie Ogrodu Botanicznego UMCS)

    🇵🇱 Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland · 1965–1968

    Two 1960s production greenhouses turned into a collection: over 500 cactus taxa and a tropical forest within about 700 m².

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  112. Červené Poříčí Château Orangery (oranžerie)

    🇨🇿 Červené Poříčí, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic ·

    A small baroque orangery, long used as a forestry shed, reopened after restoration with a large sloping glazed front.

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  113. Biodóm (Városi Oázis) at Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden

    🇭🇺 Budapest (District XIV, Városliget), Hungary · 2017–2019 (structure); partly opened 1 July 2026

    Under 964 triangular ETFE fields, a hall 36 m high has held about 13,000 tropical plants since July 2026.

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  114. Zelyony Dom ('Green House') Orangery, Tver State University Botanical Garden

    🇷🇺 Tver (Zavolzhsky District), Tver Oblast, Russia · 2017

    Opened in late 2017, an orangery of about 120 m² whose centrepiece is an olive tree more than 140 years old.

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  115. Orangery Complex and Glass Dome, Hryshko National Botanical Garden

    🇺🇦 Kyiv (Pechersk), Ukraine · Soviet-era dome

    Under a glass roof about 30 m high, a tropical collection with national-heritage status, kept warm through the war.

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  116. Palm Orangery of the Tauride Garden (Flowers exhibition hall)

    🇷🇺 Saint Petersburg, Russia · 1900 (reassembled 1935-1936)

    A palm house of 1900 from Tsarskoye Selo, reassembled in the 1930s in the Tauride Garden and now a tropical garden and concert hall.

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  117. Lajos Juhász Greenhouse and Roof Garden (Juhász Lajos Növényház és Tetőkert), Leányka campus

    🇭🇺 Eger, Heves County, Hungary · 2012

    A greenhouse built in 2012 on the roof of a university building, with tillandsias, orchids and cacti, free to visit.

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  118. Pojnarówka Art Nouveau greenhouse (Pojnarówka café), University of Agriculture

    🇵🇱 Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland · around 1912 (rebuilt 2015-2016)

    An Art Nouveau greenhouse of around 1912 on the monuments register, its cast-iron frame surviving under a photovoltaic glass roof, now a café.

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  119. Palm House (Pálmaház) of the Mátra Museum

    🇭🇺 Gyöngyös (Orczy Garden), Heves County, Hungary · 2009 (pavilion inaugurated at the end of 2008)

    A two-level greenhouse with largely glazed walls, where tropical plants, aquariums and terrariums recall the lost neo-Gothic orangery.

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  120. Palm House (Palmiarnia) of the Dom Zdrojowy (Spa House), Nałęczów

    🇵🇱 Nałęczów (Spa Park), Lublin Voivodeship, Poland · Dom Zdrojowy completed 1964; palm house added "somewhat later"

    In the 1964 spa house, palms more than ten metres tall grow in the pavilion of the mineral-water pump room; the oldest is dated 1903.

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  121. Tropical greenhouses of the Malešice botanical garden (SOŠ Jarov)

    🇨🇿 Prague, Malešice, Czech Republic ·

    A Washingtonia palm over a century old, sheltered each winter in a pupil-built mobile greenhouse, crowns a horticultural school's tropical collections.

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  122. Collections Orangery of the Botanical Garden of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy (Gorki)

    🇧🇾 Gorki (Horki), Mogilev Region, Belarus · 1978

    Palms, bananas and agaves grow under a glass roof in the orangery of a garden that grew out of an earlier orangery of 1841.

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  123. Orangeries of the Botanic Garden of Irkutsk State University (Ботанический сад ИГУ)

    🇷🇺 Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia ·

    More than 3,000 tropical species, the richest collection in Eastern Siberia according to the garden's audio guide, under the glass roofs of a university garden.

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  124. Tropical Pavilion of Plzeň Zoo (Tropický pavilon)

    🇨🇿 Plzeň (Lochotín), Plzeň Region, Czech Republic · 1950s; renovated 2016-2018

    A 1950s zoo pavilion renovated as a tropical glasshouse: butterflies fly beside Philippine crocodiles under a glass roof.

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  125. Orangeries of the Karazin University Botanical Garden (Харківський ботанічний сад)

    🇺🇦 Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine ·

    Ukraine's oldest botanical garden (1804) keeps orangeries of about 1,000 m² for some 3,000 tropical and subtropical taxa.

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  126. Orangery of the Ogiński Estate Museum (Оранжерея музея-усадьбы М. К. Огинского)

    🇧🇾 Zalesye (Залесье), Smarhon District, Hrodna Region, Belarus · 19th century; restored in 2015

    The orangery of composer Michał Kleofas Ogiński's palace, where more than 200 species grow again, among them citrus, olive and fig.

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  127. Olivia Garden (Ogród Zimowy), Olivia Business Centre

    🇵🇱 Gdańsk (Oliwa), Pomerania, Poland · 2021

    A glazed pavilion with a sloping roof, in the patio of a business centre, holds almost 800 m² of tropical garden and about thirty large trees.

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  128. Florarium of Zaryadye Park (Флорариум, "Заповедное посольство" pavilion)

    🇷🇺 Moscow (Zaryadye Park, Varvarka Street 6, building 1), Russia · 2017; current exhibition since 2021

    A glass funnel 8 m deep, partly underground, where more than 300 Russian species grow without soil, their roots misted.

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1157 botanical and historic greenhouses, across 76 countries, organized by continent in the complete catalogue.

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